Hussein Solomon - Consolidation of Democracy in Africa: A View From the South

This reader is dedicated to:
Nelson R. Mandela
Steven Bantu Biko
Robert M. Sobukwe
-and the vision of a free and democratic community of Africa's people

The Making of Modern Africa
Series Editors: Abebe Zegeye and John Higginson

Sudan's Predicament
Civil war, displacement and ecological degradation
Edited by Girma Kebbede

Doctors and the State
The struggle for professional control in Zimbabwe
Dorothy Mutizwa-Mangiza

Class Formation and Civil Society: The Politics of Education in Africa
Patrick M. Boyle

The Social Services Crisis of the 1990's
Edited by Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka

Oil and Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria
Augustine A. Ikein and Comfort Briggs-Anigboh

Environment, Health and Population Displacement
Andrew E. Collins

International Banking and Rural Development
Pade Badru

Structural Adjustment and Mass Poverty in Ghana
Kwabena Donkor

Contemporary Issues in Socio-economic Reform in Zambia
Edited by Herrick C. Mpuku and Ivan Zyuulu

The State and Organised Labour in Botswana
Monageng Mogalakwe

Small African Towns-between Rural Networks and Urban Hierarchies
Poul Ove Pedersen

A View from the South

Edited by
Hussein Solomon
The Unit for African Studies, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
Ian Liebenberg
Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa

First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
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Copyright Hussein Solomon and Ian Liebenberg 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

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The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 00130587

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-72685-7 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-19117-1 (ebk)

Robert Agranoff , Professor at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America, advisor to the Ukrainian Parliament (Local Government Programme) and Research Fellow, Universitario Ortyga Gasset, Madrid, Spain.

Linda Cornwell , Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Department of Development Administration, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria.

Petrus de Kock , MA University of Pretoria ( cum laude ) , Senior lecturer at the University of the North (UNIN) Pietersburg/Sovenga, South Africa. Ph.D. on Breyten Breytenbach, a South African poet and revolutionary.

Irina Filatova , previously attached to the Institute of Asian/African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Currently Professor of History, University of Durban-Westville (UDW), Durban, South Africa.

Ian Liebenberg , Senior political analyst, Group: Democracy and Governance, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Research Associate: Institute for Security Studies, South Africa.

Mark Malan , Senior Civil-Military Relations Analyst, Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Pretoria.

Clive Napier , Department of Political Science, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria.

Mandla Seleoane , Chief Researcher, Group: Democracy and Governance. Chairperson of the Freedom of Expression Institute (FXI), South Africa and labour-law expert.

Jabu Sindane , Senior Research Specialist at the HSRC (1992-1998), Director: Local Government Programme, National Business Initiative (NBI), South Africa, co-author of Regionalism in South Africa, 1992.

Hussein Solomon , previously Senior Researcher at ISS and Research Manager at the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD); Currently attached to the Unit for African Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Elke Zuern , Doctoral student, Columbia University

The contributions by various people on various levels in the course of the production of this reader are gratefully acknowledged by the editors. Some gave valuable comments and criticisms, others contributed to lively debates and discussions and others assisted in more practical ways. They are in no particular order.

Prof. Abebe Zegeye (Department of Sociology, University of South Africa (UNISA)); Prof. Eboe Hutchfall (Department of Africanist Studies, Wayne-State University, Detroit, USA); Jabu Sindane, National Business Initiative (SA); William Dichaba (HSRC); Christie Keulder (University of Namibia); Feroza Solomon; Mariaan Roos (EPC Consultants); Chris Landsberg (codirector, Centre for Policy Studies); Dr Gregory Houston (HSRC); Marlene Roefs (Free University of Amsterdam); Gail Presby (University of Nairobi, Kenya); Moses Khanyile (Centre for Military Studies, SA and the South African Defense Secretariat); Vernon February (Afrika Studiecentrum, Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden, Nederland); Hermien Bolton (EPC Consultants); Arlene Grossberg (Researcher, HSRC); Mandla Seleoane (HSRC and Freedom of Expression Institute of South Africa); Prof. Rocky Williams (Business School of the University of the Witwatersrand Programme on Defense Management and Programme Manager of the African Peace and Stability Programme (APSAP) at the Institute for Security Studies, SA) Prof. Bernard Magubane (Group: Democracy and Governance, HSRC) Prof. Marinus Wiechers (Former Rector of the University of South Africa) Vladimir Shubin (Russian Academy of Sciences); Mokgobi Ramose (Afrika Studiecentrum, Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden, Nederland); Col. Solly Molo (SANDF); Dr Willem Schurink (HSRC); Dr Daan van Vuuren (previous head of the Political Studies Unit of the HSRC, now retired); Thea Dixon (editorial assistant, South Africa, Social Identities Journal); Gert van der Westhuizen (Journalist, Beeld, SA); Dr Jakkie Cilliers (Executive Director, Institute for Security Studies); Eunice Reynecke (E&R Consultants); Prof. Robert Agranoff (Public and Environmental Policy Research, University of Indiana); Dr Stephen Ellis (Afrika Studiecentrum, Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden, Nederland); Prof. Bert van Roermund (Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tilburg, The Netherlands).

Ingrid van Beek (Amnesty International, Dutch Section, Amsterdam); Lindy Heineken (South African Military Academy, Saldanha, Centre for Military Studies (CEMIS)); Dr Petrus de Kock (Department of Political Studies, University of the North, South Africa); Thembeka Mufamadi (Group: Democracy and Governance, Human Sciences Research Council); Adrian and Cathryn Cilliers-Louw (SA Department of Foreign Affairs); Derick Gillian (Hawston Boatsman's Association); Mr Richard Humphries and Dr Stephen Rule (Group: Democracy and Governance, HSRC); Dr Andrei Pritvorov, Centre for South African Studies (Moscow).