First published 2004 by Ashgate Publishing
Reissued 2019 by Routledge
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A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number:
ISBN 13: 978-0-8153-9868-4 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-429-05983-4 (ebk)
This is a better book than it might otherwise have been because of the input and support from the following people (in alphabetical order):
Pam Bertram, Paul Bew, Marty Cupp, John Dumbrell, Thomas Hachey, Donald Hafner, Kirstin Howgate, Adrian Hyde-Price, Marc Landy, Elizabeth, Heather, Michael, and Peerson Lynch, Gary McDowell, Shep Melnick, Colm Comartn, San Rowland and John Tierney
The support (financial and academic) provided by Boston College, the British Fulbright Commission and the University of Leicester enabled the book to be written. Those who gave of their time for interviews and conversations named herein and those wishing to remain anonymous are also thanked and acknowledged. Errors of fact and interpretation remain my own.
ACDA | Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (US) |
AIA | Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985) |
ANIA | Americans for a New Irish Agenda |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency (US) |
DOS | Department of State (US) |
DSD | Downing Street Declaration (1993) |
DUP | Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) |
FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation (US) |
FCO | Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK equivalent of US State Department) |
Fine Gael | (finna gayle) Irish political party |
Fianna Fil | (finna foil) Irish political party |
FSO | Foreign Service Officer (US) |
GOP | Grand Old Party, nickname for US Republican Party |
HIRC | House International Relations Committee (US Congress) |
IACG | Irish Americans for Clinton Gore |
IAL | Irish-American lobby |
IFI | International Fund for Ireland |
INS | Immigration and Naturalization Service (US) |
IRA | Irish Republican Army |
Loyalist | Advocate of Northern Irelands continued union by extraconstitutional means if necessary with Great Britain |
MLA | Member of the Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly (established by Good Friday Agreement) |
Nationalist (Irish) | Advocate of a united Ireland by constitutional/democratic means |
NIO | Northern Ireland Office (UK) |
NORAID | Irish Northern Aid Committee (based in US) |
NSA | National Security assistant/advisor (US) (also National Security Agency) |
NSC | National Security Council (US) |
PIRA | Provisional Irish Republican Army or Provos |
PUP | Progressive Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) |
Republican (Irish) | Advocate of a 32-county Irish republic by extraconstitutional means if necessary |
SAIS | School of Advanced Strategic Studies (Johns Hopkins University) |
SDLP | Social Democratic and Labour Party (Northern Ireland) |
SF | Sinn Fin (shin fayn; Ireland and Northern Ireland political party) |
SFRC | Senate Foreign Relations Committee (US Congress) |
SOS | Secretary of State (US) |
State | Department of State (US; also referred to as DOS) |
Taoiseach | (tee-shuck) Irish prime minister |
TUAS | Totally Unarmed Strategy or Tactical Use of Armed Struggle (an IRA document) |
UDA | Ulster Defence Association (Northern Ireland) |
UK | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the states full title) |
Ulster | Nine most northerly counties of island of Ireland, six of which comprise Northern Ireland |
Unionist | Advocate of Northern Irelands continued union by constitutional means with Great Britain |
USAID | US Agency for International Development |
USIA | US Information Agency (part of DOS) |
UUP | Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) |
UVF | Ulster Volunteer Force (Northern Ireland) |
Abbreviations used in notes
NYT | New York Times |
WCPD | Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents |
WP | Washington Post |
You can imagine how we felt when President Clinton received Gerry Adams. You can imagine how hed feel if we accepted the people who did this in Oklahoma City.
Margaret Thatcher,
speech at Harding University, Arkansas
April 27,1995
When the president said anti-terrorism is the number one priority for the United States, the State Department said, Fine the IRA is one of the most sophisticated terrorist organizations we face and weve got to do something about them. Well, thats not what Clinton meant when he said counter-terrorism is our number one priority. What he really meant was, The IRA is separate and distinct.