Raffaele Marchetti - Debating Migration to Europe: Welfare vs Identity

First published 2018

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ISBN: 978-1-138-56127-4 (hbk)

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Raffaele Marchetti is Senior Assistant Professor in International Relations at the Department of Political Science and the School of Government of LUISS. His research interests concern global politics and governance, transnational civil society, global migratory policies, and democracy. He acts also as external expert for the European Commission and other public/private institutions on issues of global governance, public policies, civil society, and security. He is the editor of the Routledge World Politics and Dialogue of Civilizations series.

Philippe Fargues is Professor at the European University Institute, where he founded the Migration Policy Centre. He is a sociologist and demographer. He has been director of the Center for Migration and Refugee Studies at the American University in Cairo, a senior researcher at the French National Institute for Demographic Studies in Paris, a visiting professor at Harvard, and director of the Centre for Economic Legal and Social Studies in Cairo. He has lectured in a number of universities in Europe, America, Africa, and the Middle East.

Anatol Lieven is a professor at Georgetown University in Qatar and a senior fellow of the New America Foundation in Washington, DC. He has been a British journalist in South Asia and the former Soviet Union. He is the author of America Right or Wrong: An Anatomy of American Nationalism and Pakistan: A Hard Country , among other books.

This book has been edited and financed through the assistance of the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute (DOC), Berlin. Transformed from the World Public Forum into a think tank, DOC explores and develops a portrayal of humanitys future, supportive of inclusive social and political developments and transformations in order to bring peace and stability, with the aim of making the world a more just, sustainable, and peaceful place for all people, nations, and civilizations.

The chapters in this volume were initially presented in a shorter format at the Rhodes Forum.

Thanks are due to the Rhodes Forum, and to the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute, for their support for this project.

Thanks also to Jonathan Grayson and Heather Brown for their editorial assistance.

Raffaele Marchetti

Political boundaries are increasingly under pressure. As a consequence of the global transformations that are changing the international system, the criteria for determining inclusion in or exclusion from new political constituencies are under revision. At the national level, external migratory pressure coupled with domestic political dynamics is generating an intense debate on the legitimacy of keeping migrants out of national political life. Migration, alongside related policies regarding the admission of aliens into political communities, is increasingly recognised as a key issue of both political agendas and academic debates. As a political issue, migration is at the centre of a controversy where proponents of more open policies argue against tight border controls on multiple grounds. Economic theses are frequently mixed with cultural, political, legal, or security arguments. Pragmatic approaches are often entangled with ideological stances, idealistic attitudes, or racist positions. All of this contributes to creating a burning situation that not only heats up political debates, but sometimes also descends to the streets. As a theoretical issue, migration is equally controversial, for it intersects with a core node of political theory, namely the notion of citizenship. According to liberalism, individuals are entitled to a set of rights including the right to mobility, and yet this right is constrained by an equally recognised right to collective self-determination and national autonomy. This tension is more and more problematic in a world in which individual human rights are on the rise and state sovereignty is in decline in many respects with the precise exception of the issue of immigration.