Jed C. Snyder - Defending the Fringe: NATO, the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf

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Defending the Fringe

THE JOHNS HOPKINS FOREIGN POLICY INSTITUTE

Harold Brown
Chairman

Simon Serfaty
Executive Director

Robert E. Osgood

Codirector Security Studies Program

Wilfrid Kohl

Director international Energy Program

Philip Geyelin
Editor-in-Residence

Michael Vlahos

Codirector Security Studies Program

Nancy McCoy
Editorial Coordinator

George R. Packard
Dean, School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University

The Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute (FPI) was founded in 1980 and serves as the research center for the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, D.C. The FPI is a meeting place for sais faculty members and students as well as for government analysts, policymakers, diplomats, journalists, business leaders, and other specialists in international affairs. In addition to conducting research on policy-related international issues, the FPI sponsors conferences, seminars, and roundtables.

The FPI's research activities are often carried out in conjunction with SAIS's regional and functional programs dealing with Latin America and the Caribbean Basin, U.S. foreign policy, U.S.-Japan relations, Canada, Africa, Europe, security studies, international energy, and international economics.

FPI publications include the SAIS Review, a biannual journal of foreign affairs, which is edited by SAIS students; the SAIS Papers in International Affairs, a monograph series copublished with Westview Press in Boulder, Colorado; and the FPI Policy Briefs, a series of analyses of foreign-policy issues as they develop.

For additional information regarding FPI publications, write to: FPI Publications Program, School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, 1740 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.

About the Book and Author

The Soviet Union's gradual but steady accumulation of military power and its consequent evolution as a global strategic actor have affected Western postwar theorems of East-West policy and European security. These paradigms were founded on the assumption that central Europe would remain the primary target for Soviet political-military pressure. Deterring NATO-Warsaw Pact conflict on the central front, therefore, has been the overriding concern of Western security policy. Today, however, Soviet ability to project military power far from its shores has created a new set of geopolitical realities.

Jed Snyder argues that the strategic center of East-West policy may be shifting to "fringe" areasregions outside central Europe where political-military and economic weakness have created strategic vulnerabilities for the Western Alliance. Although the Soviets will continue to pressure NATO's center (principally West Germany), Moscow can be expected to focus increasing attention on the Mediterranean basin, where the position of the Alliance is deteriorating. Soviet naval and air power have expanded over the entire southern flank at the same time that a discernible erosion of "strategic partnership" has occurred among the five NATO flank statesTurkey, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Indigenous sources of sociopolitical instability in the Persian Gulf, the lack of support among gulf states for an effective defense association, and the region's great strategic value for both superpowers suggest that the Persian Gulf may now become a more likely theater of East-West conflict.

The increased strategic importance of these fringe areas creates the need for a Western strategy designed to respond to political-military threats in regions where the comparative investment of the West is dwarfed by that of its adversaries. In this book Jed Snyder examines the sources of Western strategic decline on the southern fringe and calls for a strategy designed to strengthen allied capability to meet a range of security threats.

Jed C. Snyder is deputy director of national security studies and Herman Kahn Fellow at the Hudson Institute. He was senior special assistant to the director of politico-military affairs at the Department of State during the first Reagan administration.

NUMBER 11

SAIS PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Defending the Fringe

NATO, the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf

Jed C. Snyder

The Security Studies Program

First published 1987 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2018 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1987 by The Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Snyder, Jed C.
Defending the fringe.
Includes index.
(SAIS papers in international affairs; no. 11)
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2. Mediterranean RegionDefenses. 3. Persian Gulf RegionDefenses. I. Title. II. Series.
UA646.3.S64 1987 355'.031'091821 86-11182
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-00669-3(hbk)

Contents

, Michael Vlahos

Part 1
NATO and the Mediterranean: Southern Flank Security and the Decline of Strategic Partnership

Part 2
U.S. and Allied Security Policy in the Persian Gulf: Options and Dilemmas

1. iii

Guide

Tables and Diagrams

Maps

• AAM Air-to-air Missile
• ACE AMF Allied Command Europe Mobile Force
• AEW Airborne Early Warning
• AFSOUTH Allied Forces Southern Europe
• AIRSOUTH Allied Air Forces Southern Europe
• ASM Air-to-surface Missile
• ASW Antisubmarine Warfare
• AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System
• CENTCOM U.S. Central Command
• CENTO Central Treaty Organization
• CINCEUR Commander in Chief, United States Forces, Europe
• CINCSOUTH Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe
• CNO Chief of Naval Operations
• COMAIRSOUTH Commander, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe
• COMNAVSOUTH Commander, Allied Naval Forces Southern Europe
• COMSIXATAF Commander, Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force
• CINCUSNAVEUR Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe
• DECA Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement
• DEFCON Defense Condition
• DOD Department of Defense
• EEC European Economic Community
• FIR Flight Information Region
• FIVEATAF Fifth Allied Tactical Air Force
• FOB Forward Operating Base
• GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
• GLCM Ground-launched Cruise Missile

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