INTRODUCTION
The Worst Kind of Notion of the Presidency
Few presidents since Franklin Roosevelt have been as revered as Barack Obamaor as reviled. Since his unlikely rise to power, this skinny kid with a funny name, as the then state senator described himself in his keynote address at the 2004 Democratic Convention, has become the vessel into which Americans have poured their fondest hopes and their starkest fears.
I am like a Rorschach test, Obama has said more than once. Its a better metaphor than he knows. Like a mirror into our own flaws, Americans varied and visceral reactions to our 44th president reveal our pathological relationship with the modern presidency itself.
Who is Barack Obama? Socialist or corporatist? Radical or establishment apologist? Devil, or savior, or... hapless schmuck? In our increasingly unhinged national conversation about the Obama presidency, hes been all these things and more.
From talk radio, to the Newt Gingrich campaign, to Dinesh DSouzas sleeper hit documentary 2016: Obamas America, theres long been a strange disconnect in the Rights view of our 44th president.
Obamas friendly faade hides a sinister figure indeed, they say: an Alinskyite cryptosocialist and/or Kenyan anti-colonialist. For decades before his rise to power, apparently, Obama has plotted to transform America into a country our forefathers wouldnt recognize.
At the same time, conservatives charge, the man is totally incompetenta pathetic amateur. Hes the living embodiment of the Peter Principle, a beta-male milquetoast out of his depth and out of his league in the corridors of power.
Meanwhile, liberals who once swooned to every hosanna of hope during Obamas ascendancy have lately begun to lash out like disillusioned acolytes snookered by a phony prophet.
In February 2008, covering the then senator Obamas victories in the early presidential primaries, MSNBCs Chris Matthews got so carried away by Obamas eloquence that he had to be cooled down by cohost Keith Olbermann, of all people. I have to tell you, you know, its part of reporting this case, this election, Matthews gushed, the feeling most people get when they hear Barack Obamas speech. MyI felt this thrill going up my leg. I mean, I dont have that too often. Steady, Olbermann cautioned.
Today, it seems the thrill is gone for the Hardball host, who, in a remarkable rant last fall, charged that Obama has the worst kind of a notion of the presidency:
Stop showing us how smart you are and lead us. Ask us to do something. Pull us behind you. Enlist us in the service of our country. Ask us to do something. There is no Peace Corps. There is no Special Forces. There is no 50 mile hikes. Theres no moon program. Theres nothing to root for!
The day he was inaugurated, Matthews railed, with the Mall filled with people, African-Americans and everyone else, Obama just sent us all home! Why are we in this fight with him? Just tell us, commander, give us our orders and tell us where were going, give us the mission!
Similarly frustrated by the presidents inability to deliver, liberal Washington Post columnist Dana Milbank offered A Machiavellian Model for Obama in Jack Kennedy. Obama could take a lesson in kneecapping from the Kennedy brothers, Milbank insisted in a November 2011 column. JFK and RFK issued mob-style threats to political opponents, Milbank noted approvingly, and set the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service loose with wiretaps and audits for steel company executives whod dared to raise prices.
Despite the obligatory caveat, President Obama doesnt need to sic the FBI on his opponents, Milbank observed that the price increase was rolled back only after subpoenas flew [and] FBI agents marched into steel executives offices. Sometimes, thats how it must be. Can Obama understand that?
When supposedly independent journalists address the president as commander, beg him for marching orders, and wax nostalgic about pre-Watergate abuses of powerwhen the putative opposition simultaneously denounces the president as the head of a vast conspiracyand demands that he do a better jobperhaps its not Obama who has the worst notion of the presidency. Perhaps its us.
Presidential Messianism: Americas Political Religion
What do we talk about when we talk about the presidency? Too often we sound as if were describing an office that bears the weight of all our hopes, dreams, and fears. On the op-ed pages and in the opinion polls, the federal chief executive is a soul nourisher, a hope giver, a living American talisman against hurricanes, terrorism, stock market turmoil, and spiritual malaise.
But with great responsibility comes great power. When we demand that the president provide seamless protection from natural disasters, economic dislocation, and terrorist strikes, we shouldnt be surprised to find him seeking powers to match those daunting responsibilities. And with great expectations come crashing disappointments. No earthly power could possibly suffice to deliver the miracles we crave. And if the president shirks his responsibility or violates the trust invested in him, we take that betrayal very personally indeed.
If the Obama presidency has driven Americans mad, perhaps thats because weve embraced a demented notion of the presidency itself.
Its childish to blame this state of affairs on the powerlust of individual presidents or the fecklessness of particular Congresses. Presidents reliably lust for power; Congress is dependably feckless. But the Pogo Principle is the soundest explanation for what the presidency has become: We the People have met the enemy, and it is us. We built this.
In the waning days of the Bush administration, I published a book called The Cult of thePresidency. In it I made the case that for too long, Americans have looked to the presidency for far too much. Our Founding Fathers understood human nature too well, I argued, to ever trust one man with the responsibility and the power to heal anything and everything that ails the American body politic.
Our Constitutions Framers envisioned a constitutional chief magistrate, as the Federalist describes him, an officer whod secure the rule of law, not overturn it. But over the course of the 20th century, the modern president had become our guardian angel, our shield against harm.... Hes Americas shrink and social worker and our national talk-show host. Hes a guide for the perplexed, a friend to the downtroddenand hes also the Supreme Warlord of the Earth.
Though American politics had grown increasingly polarized, both Left and Right agree on the boundless nature of presidential responsibility, I wrote in 2008, and few Americans find anything amiss in the notion that it is the presidents duty to solve all large national problems and to unite us all in the service of a higher calling. The vision of the president as national guardian and redeemer is so ubiquitous that it goes unnoticed.
Four years on, I might have to amend that last observation: the Obama presidency, with its outsized promises and grandiose, world-historical aspirations, has brought the messianic vision of the presidency front and center. Lately its been kind of hard to miss.