Christian Davenport - Media Bias, Perspective, and State Repression: The Black Panther Party

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Media Bias, Perspective, and State Repression

This book examines generated information by the media regarding the interaction between the Black Panther Party and government agents in the Bay Area of California (196773). Christian Davenport argues that the geographic locale and political orientation of the newspaper influences how specific details are reported, including who starts and ends the conflict, who the Black Panthers target (government or nongovernment actors), and which part of the government responds (the police or court). Specifically, proximate and government-oriented sources provide one assessment of events, whereas proximate and dissident-oriented sources have another; both, however, converge on specific aspects of the conflict. The methodological implications of the study are clear; Davenport's findings prove that to understand contentious events it is crucial to understand who collects and distributes the information about who reportedly does what to whom and why.

Christian Davenport is a Professor of Peace Studies and Political Science at the Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame, as well as Director of two projects: the Radical Information Project (RIP) and Stop Our States (SOS). He is the author of State Repression and the Promise of Democratic Peace (Cambridge, 2007), co-editor of Repression and Mobilization (2004), and editor of Paths to State Repression: Human Rights Violations and Contentious Politics (2000). His articles have appeared in journals including the American Political Science Review , the American Journal of Political Science , the Journal of Politics , the Journal of Conflict Resolution , Mobilization, Political Research Quarterly, Comparative Political Studies , and the Monthly Review . See www.christiandavenport.com .

Cambridge Studies in Contentious Politics

Editors

Mark Beissinger

Princeton University

Jack A. Goldstone

George Mason University

Michael Hanagan

Vassar College

Doug McAdam

Stanford University

Suzanne Staggenborg

University of Pittsburgh

Sidney Tarrow

Cornell University

Charles Tilly (d. 2008)

Columbia University

Elisabeth J. Wood

Yale University

Deborah Yashar

Princeton University

Ronald Aminzade et al ., Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics

Javier Auyero , Routine Politics and Violence in Argentina: The Gray Zone of State Power

Clifford Bob , The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism

Charles Brockett , Political Movements and Violence in Central America

Gerald F. Davis , Doug McAdam , W. Richard Scott , and Mayer N. Zald , Social Movements and Organization Theory

Jack A. Goldstone , editor, States, Parties, and Social Movements

Doug McAdam , Sidney Tarrow , and Charles Tilly , Dynamics of Contention

Sharon Nepstad , War Resistance and the Plowshares Movement

Kevin J. O'Brien and Lianjiang Li , Rightful Resistance in Rural China

Silvia Pedraza , Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus

Sidney Tarrow , The New Transnational Activism

Ralph Thaxton , Jr ., Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China: Mao's Great Leap Forward Famine and the Origins of Righteous Resistance in Da Fo Village

Charles Tilly , Contention and Democracy in Europe, 16502000

Charles Tilly , Contentious Performances

Charles Tilly , The Politics of Collective Violence

Stuart A. Wright , Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing

Deborah Yashar , Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: The Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge

Media Bias, Perspective, and State Repression
THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY

Christian Davenport

The Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, So Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo

Cambridge University Press

32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA

www.cambridge.org

Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521759700

Christian Davenport 2010

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published in print format 2010

ISBN 978-0-511-65617-0 mobipocket

ISBN 978-0-511-65888-4 eBook (Kindle edition)

ISBN 978-0-521-76600-5 Hardback

ISBN 978-0-521-75970-0 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

To/For/Against/Because of
Charles (Chuck) Tilly
Friend, Mentor, Antagonist, Supporter, and Inspiration

Let us be on guard against the dangerous and old conceptual fiction that posited a pure, will-less, painless, timeless knowing subject; let us guard against the snares of such contradictory concepts as pure reason, absolute spirituality, knowledge in itself: these always demand that we should think of an eye that is completely unthinkable, an eye turned in no particular direction, in which the active and interpreting forces through which alone seeing becomes seeing something , are supposed to be lacking; these always demand of the eye an absurdity and a nonsense. There is only a perspective seeing, only a perspective knowing; and the more affects we allow to speak about one thing, the more eyes, different eyes, we can use to observe one thing, the more complete will our concept of this thingbe.

Friedrich Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morals (1969) (emphasis in original)

Contents

Figures and Tables

Figures

Tables

Preface and Acknowledgments

Geoffrey Hawthorn once stated (: xi) that possibilities haunt the human sciences. Although the phrase refers to counterfactuals, it has stuck with me because at the time I came across it, I was just beginning to investigate a rather complex research problem. In 1994, when I started what would become this project, I was interested in understanding why and how repressive behavior was directed against the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Oakland, California, between the years 1967 (the first full year of their existence) and 1973 (the ending for the first and most well-known cohort of members). Simply put, I was interested in understanding why and how the Bay Area Panthers were harassed, beaten up, wiretapped, arrested, shot, and tried by authorities throughout the United States. Although opinion on this matter remains bitterly divided to this day, systematic investigation of the topic is not to be found.

As for an explanation for the organization's demise, there is plenty of blame to go around. Some, for example, point to the BPP themselves for the repression directed against them because of their rampant criminality, violence, and radicalism. Others place the blame squarely on the shoulders of political authorities because of their pervasive racism and the extensive use of violence against African American social movements, in particular, as well as against blacks in general. Still others blame both the Panthers and the police for what took place, noting that the combination of the two created and perpetuated a situation that led to political repression.

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