It is clich to describe this book as a labor of love, but love is what propelled me to propose and write it. And love in many forms has inspired me and supported me throughout the complicated, often exhausting, process of maintaining an active scholarly agenda while taking on successive administrative roles of increasing scope.
I must start with the love shared by men and women who dared and continued to dare to defy social convention, the law, and religious tradition to love same-sex partners, to celebrate same-sex desire, and to be their authentic selves. I am in awe of the pathbreaking activists who have challenged and are challenging, sometimes at enormous personal risk, the cultural, political, and legal forces that have constrained, demonized, and criminalized lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in different eras and nations.
Then there are those who build careers on love for the life of the mind. I thank the brilliant archivists at IHLIA LGBT Heritage at the Amsterdam Public Library, the Hall-Carpenter collection at the London School of Economics, the ONE National Lesbian & Gay Archives at the University of Southern California, the Amnesty International collection at the Columbia University Libraries Rare Book & Manuscript Library, and the GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco, California. The outstanding team at Oklahoma State Universitys (OSU) Interlibrary Loan office fielded a mountain of requests with record speed. The late David Oberhelman, a gifted OSU librarian who left us far too soon, generously helped me expand the librarys holdings in LGBT history.
Beloved colleagues from around the world have been essential to this project, graciously sharing ideas and sources. As he finishes an extraordinary career, Mel Leffler remains the finest of mentors and the best of humans. Elizabeth Williams, a dear friend and brilliant historian of Modern Europe and medicine, provided a remarkable close read of the manuscript that greatly enriched and improved the final product. I am exceedingly grateful to scholars who shared observations and citations that made this book richer and more inclusive. A long list includes Julio Cap, Jr., Vctor M. Macas-Gonzlez, Eric Huneke, Mona Russell, Jun Pierre Pow, David Paternotte, Matt Schauer, Emily Graham, Jason Lavery, Dave DAndrea, Ian Lekus, Christopher Ewing, and Sbastien Tremblay. I am incredibly fortunate . I am indebted to Susan Oliver, Exa von Alt, Lori Scanlon, and Tasia Persson, all of whom are outstanding administrative assistants. Their talent and dedication were essential to my being able to balance academic leadership and academic scholarship.
I am a passionate travel lover and one of the advantages of doing an international history of something is that people invite you to talk about it all over the world. I thank those who have provided priceless opportunities to present this work to varied foreign and domestic audiences, many of whom have forced me to rethink key assumptions and broaden my evidentiary base. I am particularly grateful to the History Department at Grand Valley State University, Shanon Fitzpatrick at McGill University in Quebec, Jessica Gienow-Hecht at the JFK Institute at Freie University in Berlin, the Brewster Lecture Committee at East Carolina University, Nick Cull at the Center for Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, Christopher Nichols at the Center for Humanities at Oregon State University, and Ann Wilson and Andrew Juster Shield of the Queer History Workshop at the University of Leiden. Special thanks to Maria Montoya, with whom I bonded for life over the travails of writing a major textbook with six co-authors, for inviting me to lecture at NYU-Shanghai.
I am gifted beyond measure with the love of dear friends. Much love to Kyle and Maria Longley, Rebecca Sheehan, Michelle and Jimmy Jarrard, Felicia Lopez and Bob Threeton, Farida Jalalzai and Chad Hankinson, Anna Zeide, Eric Ramirez-Ferrero, Stacy Takacs and Betsy Myers, Pat Hobbs and John Orsulak, Barry Friedman, Isabel lvarez-Sancho and Erik Ekman, Helen Laville, and Judith and Skip Wolfe.
Finally, Id need a much bigger word count than this short volume allows to articulate my love for my family. Mom and Dad and my sister Susan have been my biggest champions and unfailing support. I cannot fathom having spent hours of isolated work without the humor and affection of my furry research assistants William Howard-Taft, James Madison, and the late Truman. And, at long last, Susie gets a richly deserved, long overdue acknowledgment. Susie is not an academic and had she known what being married to one sometimes entails, I am pretty sure she would have skipped flying out to Los Angeles to meet me for dinner on a first date that coincided with my research trip to the Reagan Library. I am certain she never imagined that she would be scanning PDFs of materials at LGBT archives just a few years latermostly so I could finish working and we could go have fun. Each day with Susie is filled with laughter, friendship, and a love that deepens every passing day. Thank you, sweetheart, for being my fellow traveler on adventures big and small, a lifetime of joy, and a true partnership in every conceivable way.
ACLUAmerican Civil Liberties Union
ACT-UPAIDS Coalition to Unleash Power
AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIAmnesty International
AKOKApeleftherotiko Kinima Omofilofilon Kiprou (Cyprus)
ASKAssociation for Social Knowledge (Vancouver, Canada)
BIABoard of Immigration Appeals
BSSSPBritish Society for the Study of Sex Psychology
CAMPCampaign Against Moral Persecution (Australia)
CAPRCommittee of Revolutionary Pederastic Action (France)
CDUChristian Democratic Union (Germany)
CHACommunidad Homosexual Argentina
CIACentral Intelligence Agency
CLESPALAClub Littraire et Scientifique des Pays Latins (France)
CoECouncil of Europe
CRHCouncil on Religion and the Homosexual (San Francisco, California)
DOBDaughters of Bilitis
ECHOEast Coast Homophile Organizations
ECHREuropean Commission on Human Rights
ECtHREuropean Court of Human Rights
ECOSOCUnited Nations Economic and Social Council
EPEuropean Parliament
EUEuropean Union
F-48Forbundet af 1948 (Denmark)
FBIFederal Bureau of Investigation
FHARFront Homosexuel dAction Rvolutionnaire (France)
FLHFrente de Liberacin Homosexual (Argentina, Mexico)
FRGFederal Republic of Germany
FUORIFronte Unitario Omosessuale Rivoluzionario Italiano (Italy)
GAAGay Activists Alliance
GALZGays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe
GDRGerman Democratic Republic
GLFGay Liberation Front
HLRSHomosexual Law Reform Society (United Kingdom)
ICCPRInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICDInternational Classification of Diseases
ICMInternational Council Meeting (Amnesty International)
ICSEInternational Committee for Sexual Equality
IECInternational Executive Committee (Amnesty International)
IGAInternational Gay Association
ILGAInternational Lesbian and Gay Association
INSImmigration and Naturalization Service
IPCIndian Penal Code
ISISIslamic State of the Levant and Iraq
ISSInstitute for Sexual Science
