Hilda Jennings - Societies in the Making

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The International Library of Sociology

SOCIETIES IN THE MAKING

Founded by KARL MANNHEIM

The International Library of Sociology

THE SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE

In 9 Volumes

I	The Cultural Background of Personality	Linton
II	Dance in Society	Rust
III	Homo Ludens	Huizinga
IV	Samples from English Cultures Part One: Three Preliminary Studies	Klein
V	Samples from English Cultures Part Two: Child-Rearing Practices	Klein
VI	Societies in the Making	Jennings
VII	The Sociology of Literary Taste	Schucking
VIII	The Sociology of Music	Silbermann
IX	Towards a Sociology of the Cinema	Jarvie

SOCIETIES IN THE MAKING

A Study of Development and Redevelopment within a County Borough

by
HILDA JENNINGS

First published in 1962 by
Routledge

Reprinted 1998, 2000, 2001 by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
or
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

First issued in paperback 2010

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1962 Hilda Jennings

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology.

This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Societies in the Making

ISBN 978-0-415-17597-5 (hbk)

ISBN 978-0-415-60567-0 (pbk)

The Sociology of Culture: 9 Volumes

ISBN 978-0-415-17824-2

The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes

ISBN 978-0-415-17838-9

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent

MAPS

FOREWORD

by D. A. Clark

Chairman of Barton Hill Redevelopment Research
Committee of the University Settlement, Bristol

T HE University Settlement has been established in the Barton Hill area of East Bristol for nearly fifty years. It has seen many changes in the social and economic life of its neighbourhood, but none so profound and far reaching as the redevelopment plan launched in 1953.

It seemed to the Settlement that it was in a very special position to study the effects of this redevelopment as it proceeded and thus perhaps to throw light on human problems which were being encountered in many similar schemes for the rebuilding of central residential areas of large cities. With the help of generous grants from independent Trusts, a comprehensive survey was undertaken up to the stage at which the first new block of flats in Barton Hill was occupied.

The Settlement Council appointed Miss Hilda Jennings, M.A., the Warden for many years, to direct the research. Towards the end of the project Miss Jennings retired from the post of Warden but kindly agreed to complete the research. A Research Committee was also set up, with the following members :

D. A. Clark, B.A. (Chairman)
H. E. Bracey, Ph.D.
I. L. Durham, M.A.
P. H. K. Kuenstler, M.A.
Miss Kate Liepmann, Ph.D.
Miss L. A. E. Shaw, M.A.
John Spencer, M.A., Ph.D.
Mrs. F. H. Towill, M.A.

The Committee regarded its function as essentially advisory. It felt from the beginning that the results of the research must be presented as Miss Jennings own report because she had personally directed the project and because of her deep knowledge and understanding of Barton Hill and its people.

We wish to acknowledge the help and interest of members of the City Council and officials of the Housing, Education, City Engineer and Planning Officers Departments. It should, of course, be made clear that those Departmental officials who have generously given us their help take no responsibility for the views expressed in the report.

It is impossible to thank individually all those who have helped in the research but we wish to record our appreciation of valuable assistance given in field-work and in other ways by:

Miss R. Adams
Mrs. K. Brown
Miss A. M. Clewley
Mr. K. Cottam
Miss P. J. Evans
Miss E. Hillier
Mr. J. Hodgkins
Mr. and Mrs. P. Nokes
Mrs. I. Rex
Miss W. Roberts
Miss P. M. Rose
Miss S. T. Woods

We are also grateful to the Housing Managers of the London County Council, Birmingham City Council and Liverpool Corporation for information which they kindly provided.

The Bristol University Publications Committee and others have given generous assistance in the publication of this study.

Very many residents of Barton Hill have provided the information on which this report is based and we are greatly indebted to them for the patient and co-operative way in which they have done so.

Mr. Kuenstler served on the Committee until his departure from Bristol.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I should like to take this opportunity of expressing my warm thanks to all those who participated in the research project on which this book is based. Among others, these include officers of the City Council and members of the University Settlement Research Committee who read and commented on the script, chapter by chapter. Special thanks are due to the Chairman of the Committee, Mr. D. A. Clark, who generously spared his time to help in the preparation of maps, the scrutiny of statistical tables, helped to secure the necessary financial backing and was responsible for the arrangements for publication.

HILDA JENNINGS.

.

I

THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HOUSING AS A PUBLIC SERVICE

OBJECTS, SCOPE AND METHODS OF BARTON HILL RESEARCH

D URING the years following the First World War housing has steadily emerged as one of the most important of the public social services.

The volume of building by local authorities acting as the agents of organized society has increased from a mere trickle of dwellings till it now exceeds that of private building.

Like education and the social security and health services, it has ceased to be thought of as exclusively designed for the benefit of the working classes.

It has been affected also by the twentieth century tendency, seen in the break-up of the poor law, to provide for specific needs departmentally. This tendency has involved the consequence that individuals and families are considered according to categories of needs, rather than as entities. The same man or family and the individual members of the family may at one and the same time come within the province of several different organs of government according to whether they are viewed as sick, old or unemployed persons or as persons in need of accommodation.

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