Yip-Wah Chung - Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

Second Edition

Yip-Wah Chung and Monica Kapoor

First edition published 2006

by CRC Press

6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

and by CRC Press

4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.

Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.

For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Chung, Yip-wah, 1950- author. | Kapoor, Monica, author.

Title: Introduction to materials science and engineering / Yip-Wah Chung and Monica Kapoor.

Description: Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2022] |

Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: Updated to reflect the many societal and technological changes in the field since publication of the first edition, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering, Second Edition offers an interdisciplinary view, emphasizing the importance of materials to engineering applications, and builds the basis needed to select, modify, and create materials to meet specific criteria. Written for advanced undergraduate students and readers interested in introductory materials science and engineering concepts, this concise textbook provides a strong foundation in MSE and its applications. The textbook offers a solutions manual and PowerPoint lecture slides for adopting professors Provided by publisher.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021049180 (print) | LCCN 2021049181 (ebook) |

ISBN 9781032101446 (hbk) | ISBN 9781032121758 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003223443 (ebk)

Subjects: LCSH: Materials science.

Classification: LCC TA403 .C475 2022 (print) | LCC TA403 (ebook) |

DDC 620.1/1dc23/eng/20211201

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021049180

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021049181

ISBN: 978-1-032-10144-6 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-12175-8 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-27446-9 (ebk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-22344-3 (ebk+)

DOI: 10.1201/9781003223443

Typeset in Times

by codeMantra

Access the Support Material: https://www.routledge.com/9781032101446.

Fifteen years have passed since the appearance of the first edition of this book. While the fundamentals of materials science and engineering have not changed during this period, new applications and challenges have emerged. As a result, we have added a new chapter, , in this edition. It discusses 4 of the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals that are related to materials. As the world progresses through the 21st century and faces unique sustainability challenges, this is an apposite time for materials scientists and materials engineers to refocus our responsibilities and roles in providing innovative materials-based solutions to make this world a better place.

In addition to updated figures and reorganization to enhance clarity, new discussions have been added or expanded. Specifically, on thin films. Problems at the end of each chapter have been completely revised. They are beyond the usual plug-and-chug and require a bit more thinking to tackle. To help readers gain a fuller understanding of select concepts, we have included Extend Your Knowledge callouts with links to brief online videos that offer readers a visual depiction of topics explained in that section.

From Monica, a few words of acknowledgment are in order. In many ways, this book has come full circle: starting with my first technical writing training with Prof. Chung as a PhD student to collaborating on this book. I am grateful to my mother, Neelam Suri Kapoor, for being a role model, never discouraging me from choosing my own path, and being different; and to my father, Vinod Kapoor, for instilling me with the confidence to always speak my mind. I dont have words to express my gratitude to my husband, Siladitya Mohanti. This book would not have been possible without the support and patience of my North Star. Last and most important, thank you to my dearest son Neil for giving up his precious weekend playtime so that I could complete this book.

From Yip-Wah, it is an absolute delight to have Monica as an equal partner in writing the second edition of this book. I wish to thank my wife, Metty, for her unfailing support and her tolerating my hours on the computer screen during all this time. As we finished the final chapter on sustainability, I could not help but think of the next generation Eliza, Calvin, Cameron, Claire, Penelope, Liliana, Zoe, and Anna. With more people becoming concerned about global environmental challenges and the emergence of many technological advances, I am optimistic that the world you inherit will be better than ours!

Yip-Wah Chung

Monica Kapoor

Yip-Wah Chung earned a PhD in physics at the University of California at Berkeley. He joined Northwestern University in 1977. He is currently Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern University. He was named Fellow, ASM International; Fellow, AVS; and Fellow, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. His other awards include the Ralph A. Teetor Engineering Educator Award from SAE International, Innovative Research Award and Best Paper Award from the ASME Tribology Division, Technical Achievement Award from the National Storage Industry Consortium, and Bronze Bauhinia Star Medal from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Government. Dr. Chung served 2years as program officer in surface engineering and materials design at the National Science Foundation. His most recent research activities are in low-friction surfaces, lubricant and thin-film design and characterization, and multifunctional alloys. His hobbies are photography and recreational flying. He holds several Federal Aviation Administration ratings, including commercial multiengine instrument, commercial remote pilot, instrument ground instructor, and advanced ground instructor.

Monica Kapoor earned a PhD in materials science and engineering from Northwestern University in the design and development of precipitation-strengthened steels. She is currently a Senior Metallurgical Scientist in Materials Technology at Novelis Global Research and Technology Center in Kennesaw, Georgia. Dr. Kapoors interests include transitioning basic research into advanced processes and alloys, early-stage clustering in Al alloys, and atom probe tomography. After her PhD, she has worked at the University of Alabama on high-strength low-alloy steels and nanocrystalline metals. Subsequently, she joined the National Energy Technology Laboratory, where she developed transient-liquid-phase bonding methods for Ni-based super alloys. Her area of expertise is physical metallurgy of structural metals and advanced characterization techniques, specifically atom probe tomography. She has published 20-plus publications in high impact factor peer-reviewed journals. She is also an avid reviewer and was recognized as the Reviewer of the Year 2016 by