CHINAS WORKERS
UNDER ASSAULT
ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Series Editor: Mark Selden, Binghamton University
Exploring one of the most dynamic and contested regions of the world, this series includes contributions on political, economic, cultural, and social changes in modern and contemporary Asia and the Pacific.
ASIAS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS
Comparative Perspectives
Yok-shiu F. Lee and Alvin Y. So, editors
CENSORING HISTORY
Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States
Laura Hein and Mark Selden, editors
CHALLENGING THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN
Popular Protest in Modern China
Elizabeth J. Perry
CHINAS RETREAT FROM EQUALITY
Income Distribution and Economic Transition
Carl Riskin, Zhao Renwei, and Li Shi, editors
CHINAS WORKERS UNDER ASSAULT
The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy
Anita Chan
PEASANTS WITHOUT THE PARTY
Grass-roots Movements in Twentieth-Century China
Lucien Bianco
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT
The Case of China
Shaoguang Wang and Angang Hu
THEATER AND SOCIETY
An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Drama
Haiping Yan, editor
WHAT IF CHINA DOESNT DEMOCRATIZE?
Implications for War and Peace
Edward Friedman and Barrett L. McCormick, editors
WOMEN IN REPUBLICAN CHINA
A Sourcebook
Hua R. Lan and Vanessa L. Fong, editors
CHINAS WORKERS
UNDER ASSAULT
The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy
ANITA CHAN
An East Gate Book
First published 2001 by M.E. Sharpe
Published 2015 by Routledge
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Copyright 2001 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chan, Anita.
Chinas workers under assault : the exploitation of labor in a globalizing economy / by Anita Chan.
p. cm.(Asia and the Pacific)
An East gate book.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7656-0357-8 (alk. paper)ISBN 0-7656-0358-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. LaborChina. 2. Working classChina. 3. Labor mobilityChina. 4. Labor marketChina. 5. Industrial relationsChina. I. Title. II. Series.
HD8736.5 .C35 2001
331.0951dc21
2001020050
ISBN 13: 9780765603586 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9780765603579 (hbk)
For my husband, mate, and colleague,
Jonathan Unger
Contents
Many people have provided valuable help to enable this book to come to print. Gratitude is due first to staff members of the Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee, in particular to Shek Ping-kwan, for helping with the voluminous collection of newspaper and journal clippings; and to Apo Leung, May Wong, and Vivien Liu of the Asia Monitor Resource Center for their attempts to seek funding for the project, for their patience in providing me with further information on a couple of the cases collected in this volume, and for giving me some of the photos included here. The National Labor Committee has also graciously allowed me to use photos from its collection; and the Cartography Unit of the Research School of Pacific Studies of the Australian University has drawn the maps. Jeffrey Ballinger, Tim Connor, Gail Dreyfuss, Phil Kaplan, Keir Jorgensen, George White, and many others have helped me in a variety of ways.
I am greatly indebted to colleagues and friends who helped with the translations: Christopher Buckley, Kevin McCready, Eva Hung, Jonathan Hutt, Paul Levine, and Liu Dongxiao; and to the China Labor Bulletin and the International Transport Workers Federation for providing several translated materials.
I am particularly grateful to Mark Selden for offering to include this book in his series, and for his unfailing encouragement, his always speedy e-mail responses, his reading of the manuscript, and his perceptive comments; and to Douglas Merwin, who has kindly accepted the manuscript for publication. A big thanks goes to Robert Senser, who has imparted to me his wisdom on labor issues. His e-mail postings and messages are invariably sources of inspiration.
I am grateful to Sarah Leeming for copyediting the manuscript and to Heli Brecht for formatting it. Above all, their interest in the subject matter and their suggestions to improve the manuscript are greatly appreciated.
I owe much to my husband, Jonathan Unger, for his encouragement, critical comments, slash-and-burn style of professional editing, and love. Comfort comes from my daughter, Carla Unger, who understands that her mothers research has to do with the plight of the workers who make so many of the products that fill our stores.
This book is part of a larger project on Chinese labor and management, funded by an Australian Research Council Fellowship and an Australian Research Council Large Grant, for which I am truly grateful. Thanks also go to the Fairbank Center at Harvard University, where portions of the manuscript were written.
Anita Chan
ACFTU | All-China Federation of Trade Unions |
ACWF | All-China Womens Federation |
AFL-CIO | American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations |
CCP | Chinese Communist Party |
CNMI | Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands |
FLA | Fair Labor Association |
HRWA | Human Rights Watch/Asia |
ICFTU | International Conference of Free Trade Unions |
ILO | International Labor Organization |
ITF | International Transport Workers Federation |
NGO | Non-Governmental Organization |
OSH |