SPACE ECONOMY
According to the OECD definition, the space economy is the full range of activities that create value to human beings through exploring, researching, understanding, managing, and utilizing space. It includes all actors engaged in developing, providing and using space-related products and services: research and development, space infrastructure, space-derived applications, as well as the resulting scientific knowledge. The space economy thus goes far beyond the space sector in the narrow sense to encompass many others: think of agriculture, environmental protection, natural resource management and transportation, to name a few. The space economy is now worth $469 billion globally, with double-digit percentage growth forecast for the coming decades. Most importantly, it will provide opportunities for less developed countries, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
From these considerations begins the fascinating journey that fills the pages of this book: space exploration and tourism, extra-terrestrial communications, asteroid economics, Made in Space products, but also space debris jamming the traffic of increasingly congested orbits. The future is indeed just around the corner; all we have to do is to equip ourselves with all the necessary knowledge to face it.
Simonetta Di Pippo
astrophysicist, has been Human Spaceflight Director at the European Space Agency, Observation of the Universe Director at the Italian Space Agency, and director of the Vienna-based United Nations Outer Space Affairs Office. She is currently the director of the Space Economy Evolution Lab at SDA Bocconi School of Management. She is an International Academy of Astronautics academic and a member of the World Economic Forum Global Future Council on Space. In 2008, asteroid 21887 Dipippo was named in her honor.
Simonetta Di Pippo
SPACE
ECONOMY
The New Frontier for Development
Cover: Cristina Bernasconi, Milan
Typesetting: Laura Panigara, Cesano Boscone (MI)
Copyright 2023 Bocconi University Press
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First edition: February 2023
ISBN Domestic Edition | 979-12-80623-03-4 |
ISBN International Edition | 978-88-31322-71-3 |
ISBN Digital Domestic Edition | 978-88-238-8592-9 |
ISBN Digital International Edition | 978-88-238-8593-6 |
To Saverio, my sun
Contents
Acronyms
ADR | Active Debris Removal |
AIAD | Federazione delle Aziende Italiane per lAerospazio, la Difesa e la Sicurezza (Italian Industries Federation for Aerospace, Defence and Security) |
AIPAS | Associazione delle Imprese per le Attivit Spaziali (Association of Italian Space Enterprises) |
AR6 | Sixth Assessment Report |
ASAS | Associazione per i Servizi, le Applicazioni e le Tecnologie ICT per lo Spazio (Association for Space-based Applications and Services) |
ASAT | Antisatellite Weapon |
ASI | Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency) |
BEA | Bureau of Economic Analysis |
COMINT | Comitato interministeriale per le politiche relative allo spazio e alla ricerca aerospaziale (Interministerial Committee for Space and Aerospace Policies) |
COPUOS | Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space |
COSPAR | Committee on Space Research |
CTNA | Cluster Tecnologico Nazionale dellAerospazio (National Aerospace Technology Cluster) |
DNSH | Do No Significant Harm |
ECLSS | Environmental Control and Life Support System |
ECMWF | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts |
ECV | Essential Climate Variables |
EOC | Earth Operations Center |
EOS | Earth Observing System |
ERMA | European Raw Materials Alliance |
ESA | European Space Agency |
ESS | Earth System Science |
EUMETSAT | European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
EUSPA | European Union Agency for the Space Programme |
FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
FCC | Federal Communications Commission |
GCOS | Global Climate Observing System |
GHG | Greenhouse Gases |
GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
GSA | European GSSN Agency |
GSFC | Goddard Space Flight Center |
IAA | International Academy of Astronautics |
IAWN | International Asteroid Warning Network |
ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
ICG | International Committee on GNSS |
IISL | International Institute of Space Law |
IOS | in-orbit servicing |
IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
ISECG | International Space Exploration Coordination Group |
ISS | International Space Station |
ISU | International Space University |
ITS | Intelligent transportation system |
ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
KSC | Kennedy Space Center |
MBA | Main Belt Asteroid |
MPLM | Mini Pressurized Logistics Module |
NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
OECD | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development |