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The Life of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
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Roderick Macpherson
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Routledge
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Books / Science
Year:
2017
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The Life of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland

First published 2010 by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Taylor & Francis 2010

Editorial material Roderick Macpherson 2010

All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA

Henderson, Andrew, 17171776.

The life of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. (Roxburghe Club)

1. Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, 17211765. 2. Jacobite Rebellion,

17451746. 3. Great Britain History George II, 17271760 Biography.

4. Henderson, Andrew, 17171779 Correspondence. I. Title II. Series III.

Macpherson, Roderick. IV. Roxburghe Club. 941.072092dc22

ISBN-13: 978-1-85196-063-7 (hbk)

Typeset by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited

DEDICATED AND PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF THE ROXBURGHE CLUB BY LORD REES-MOGG 2010

Roxburghe Club MMX

LORD EGREMONT ( President )

DUKE OF NORFOLK

DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, K.C.V.O. , C.B.E.

DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH & QUEENSBURY, K.T. , V.R.D.

MARQUESS OF SALISBURY, P.C. , D.L.

MARQUESS OF CHOLMONDELEY, K.C.V.O.

EARL OF CRAWFORD & BALCARRES, K.T. , P.C. , G.C.V.O.

EARL OF LEICESTER, C.B.E. , D.L.

LORD TOLLEMACHE

LORD ROTHSCHILD, O.M. , G.B.E. , F.B.A.

LORD QUINTON, F.B.A.

LORD REES-MOGG

LORD WALDEGRAVE OF NORTH HILL, P.C.

PRINCE GABRIEL DE BROGLIE, DE LACADMIE FRANAISE

THE HON. JAMES STOURTON

THE HON. LADY ROBERTS, C.V.O.

SIR WILLIAM PROBY, BT , D.L.

SIR SIMON TOWNELEY, K.C.V.O. , D. PHIL.

LADY GETTY

PROFESSOR JONATHAN ALEXANDER, D. PHIL. , F.B.A.

NICOLAS J. BARKER, ESQ., O.B.E. , F.B.A.

EDMUND BRUDENELL, ESQ., D.L.

DAVID CAMPBELL OF STRACHUR

DR CHRISTOPHER DE HAMEL, D. PHIL. , PH.D. , LITT. D.

DON AGUSTIN EDWARDS

OLIVER EVERETT, ESQ., C.V.O.

MARK GETTY, ESQ.

CHRISTOPHER GIBBS, ESQ.

ANTHONY R. A. HOBSON, ESQ., D. LITT. , F.B.A.

PROFESSOR SIMON KEYNES, LITT. D. , F.B.A.

STEPHEN KEYNES, ESQ., O.B.E.

DR DAVID MCKITTERICK, LITT. D. , F.B.A.

MICHAEL MEREDITH, Esq.

JOHN MURRAY, ESQ. ( Vice President )

MR ROBERT S. PIRIE

DR JOHN MARTIN ROBINSON, D. PHIL. , D. LITT. ( Secretary )

PROFESSOR CHARLES RYSKAMP, PH.D. , LITT. D. , L.H.D.

CHARLES SEBAG-MONTEFIORE, ESQ. ( Treasurer )

THOMAS WOODCOCK, ESQ., L.V.O. , D.L.

MRS JAYNE WRIGHTSMAN, O.B.E.

DR WILLIAM ZACHS, D. PHIL.

Contents

Guide

Roxburghe Club

Andrew Henderson (171776) was my great grandfathers great grandfather. He was an eyewitness of the history of the mid-eighteenth century, particularly the 45 revolt. He was a journalist, historian, biographer, mathematics tutor, publisher and bookseller, most of which are professions I also have followed. He had for many years a booksellers shop in Westminster Hall, and lived in Great College Street, behind Westminster Abbey, a part of London in which I lived for thirty years. I feel a natural affinity to him, as our lives and interests have overlapped to such a degree. I am very grateful to Mr Roderick Macpherson who in this Roxburghe Club Edition of Hendersons most significant work, The Life of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland , has discovered new and interesting material about Hendersons earlier life.

Henderson was a brave controversialist who made the case for the pro-Hanoverian Whig cause in Scotland. The Hanoverians defeated Bonnie Prince Charlie, but lost the romantic battle of reputation. Only a minority of Scots, now as then, would actually be Jacobites, but many Scots mistakenly assume that the Jacobite side was the side of patriotism. In fact, the Hanoverians gave Scotland, as well as England, a constitutional monarchy which allowed liberal democracy to develop. The alternative would probably have been the French style of absolute monarchy.

In his controversies, Henderson fought the Jacobites, including the Jacobistical Samuel Johnson. He fought the novelist and literary power broker Dr John Tobias Smollett, and he defended the reputation of the Duke of Cumberland, the victor of Culloden. He taught geometry to George III. He had courage as well as a journalists eye for detail and for a colourful phrase. I feel proud of him.

WILLIAM REES-MOGG

The monuments in the Valhalla of British men of letters, surnamed by letter H the Dictionary of National Biography (1891) and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) bear witness to the long period of obscurity in which has been mouldering the reputation of the Whig historian Andrew Henderson. Neither his year of birth nor of death can be traced on those epitaphs. Moreover, the newer work claims there is no evidence of his ever marrying. Fortunately, Ralph Hendersons Records of My Family , published privately in 1926, preserves the essential biographical details. They are quoted here, on his authority: Andrew Henderson was born at Lilliesleaf, Roxburgh, on 26 February 1717 and died at South Minns, Hertfordshire, in February 1776, at the age of fifty-nine. He married Sarah, daughter of Thomas Radford, of Stourbridge, and they had five sons, John (b. 1759), Francis (b. 1762), Thomas (b. 1765), William (b. 1768) and Andrew (b. 1771).

Howsoever respectable may have been his home life, the family historian records that Henderson, who had trained for the ministry of the Church of Scotland, received an anonymous letter in 1767, warning him that the Jacobites were spreading the report that he had been excluded from the pulpit on account of gracelessly throwing off the cloak of outward sanctity.

Hendersons papers survived a fire at his home in 1761. A terrible fire on the 8th July but I escaped is an entry in his diary for the year of this disaster. A grandson of Andrew Henderson recorded in 1813 that the author was burnt out of his house and lost the greater part if not the whole of his papers and property. A pitiful account of poor Hendersons despair comes from the same note:

being in bed when the fire broke out, his wife awoke him, he put on his stockings, but finding that the fire had got such a hold that there was no prospect of saving anything, he threw himself back on the bed with an apparent desire to be consumed by the flames, as nothing but future misery and want presented itself to his view, and it was with the greatest difficulty he could be moved from his perilous situation.

Certainly mishaps befell several of his writings, their troubles being occasioned not only because of that fire. His manuscript History of the Hendersons, which tribe he is said to have traced to the Swedes, The attempts to publish this evidently provided yet another of those eighteenth-century literary altercations with which his name is associated.

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