Kimbell Young - Personality and Problems of Adjustment

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The International Library of Sociology

PERSONALITY AND PROBLEMS OF ADJUSTMENT

Founded by KARL MANNHEIM

The International Library of Sociology

THE SOCIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOUR
AND PSYCHOLOGY

In 18 Volumes

I	The Development of Conscience	Stephenson
II	Disaster	Wolfenstein
III	The Framework of Human Behaviour	Blackburn
IV	Frustration and Aggression	Dollard et al
V	Handbook of Social Psychology	Young
VI	Human Behaviour and Social Processes	Rose
VII	The Human Group	Homans
VIII	Learning Through Group Experience	Ottaway
IX	Personality and Problems of Adjustment	Young
X	Psychology and the Social Pattern	Blackburn
XI	The Sane Society	Fromm
XII	Sigmund Freud - An Introduction	Hollitscher
XIII	Social Learning and Imitation	Miller et al
XIV	Society and Nature	Kelsen
XV	Solitude and Privacy	Halmos
XVI	The Study of Groups	Klein
XVII	Theory of Collective Behaviour	Smelser
XVIII	Towards a Measure of Man	Halmos

PERSONALITY
AND PROBLEMS OF ADJUSTMENT

by
KIMBALL YOUNG

First published in 1947 by
Routledge, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd

Reprinted in 1998, 2001 by
Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

First issued in paperback 2013

1947 Kimball Young

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library

Personality and Problems of Adjustment

ISBN 978-0-415-17788-7 (hbk)
ISBN 978-0-415-86868-6 (pbk)

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality
of mis reprint but points out that some imperfections in
the original may be apparent

To
C. L. D.

PREFATORY NOTE

OVER TWENTY years ago Dean William T. Root and I, then graduate students in psychology, had many agreeable and stimulating conversations about the limitations of intelligence testingthen the educational ragein the diagnosis of conduct problems of children and adults. We expressed a hope that psychologists and educators would come to reckon with the emotional and social-cultural factors in the making of the personality. Root had arrived at this standpoint from his teaching and wide reading, plus several years of clinical work, I from my reading of Sumner, Cooley, Dewey, and Rivers, and from my contacts with W. I. Thomas and G. H. Mead, who had been my teachers previously. Then, too, my experience at that very time in giving intelligence tests to schoolchildren and to men in the military service further convinced me of the need for this wider view regarding the factors which enter into thought and conduct.

In 1920, at the University of Oregon, I began giving a course dealing with problems of personality and social adjustment in which I drew on pertinent materials from physiology, psychology, psychiatry, and sociology. In those days there were no suitable textbooks, but F. L. Wellss Mental Adjustments was used as an introduction to pertinent psychological phases, and the writings of Thomas, Mead, Freud, White, Rivers, and Cooley furnished supplementary reading. Since the attempt was made to link human thought and behavior to the constitutional factors, on the one hand, and to the social-cultural, on the other, the approach was frankly eclectic, and some of my professional colleagues at the time were good-naturedly skeptical of having such a course in the psychological curriculum.

During my fourteen years at the University of Wisconsin this course was frequently revised. Students began coming from other fields than psychology and sociology--from education, economics, journalism, and speech, and even from prelegal and premedical departments. To satisfy the needs of this wider clientele new material was constantly added or old material modified or dropped out. The present book is frankly an outgrowth of this particular course. Into its making have gone not only the questionspersntl and theoreticalof the students and many others, but considerable clinical experience, extensive examination of the literature, and, I trust, some serious thought of my own.

The basic standpoint of the book is stated in the opening chapter and is, of course, elaborated in many places elsewhere. The book is designed essentially to be a college text in courses dealing with the psychology of personality or with problems of mental hygiene, and to serve as an orientation to the interplay of personality, society, and culture. It should also prove to be a valuable supplementary text in social psychology, and in sociology, social work, and education courses dealing with personal adjustment problems. I sincerely hope that the effort to combine the standpoints and data of psychology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology may contribute its quota to the growing rapprochement of these three fields.

The debts I owe to others are too great to be itemized in detail, but, in addition to the influences of the men already noted, in the more particular preparation of this book I wish to thank my former graduate teaching assistants Earl H. Bell, Henry-D. Sheldon, Arthur Katona, Paul Glick, Paul W. Tappan, and Wilbur Brookover. As a result largely of their discussions with students they made available many critical comments regarding the mimeographed material which was the immediate predecessor of this book itself. Special thanks are due to my former colleagues; Harry Harlow, S. A. Stouffer, J. L. Gillin, and J. E. Hulett, Jr., whose suggestions were most helpful. My present colleague, Hortense Powdermaker, gave me advice on several chapters also. Hazen Carpenter assisted me in the preparation of certain parts of the manuscript; and Mrs. Fern McCoard, Mrs. Jo Day Hulett, and Miss Kathryn Van Hyning did good work in the typing of the final copy.

Throughout the text, wherever there is a reference to the literature, the practice is to give the authors name and to follow this with the date of the publication of the book or article. The reader will find the full title or source in the Bibliography (pages 825856). Moreover, to facilitate the finding of these references, the Index of Names is combined with the Bibliography. The numbers in brackets which follow each item in the Bibliography refer to the pages where that particular book or article is mentioned.

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