Margot Jefferys - Mobility in the Labour Market: Employment Changes in Battersea and Dagenham

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The International Library of Sociology

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MOBILITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET

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Founded by KARL MANNHEIM

The International Library of Sociology

THE SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND ORGANIZATION

In 18 Volumes

I	Apprenticeship	Liepmann
II	Industrial Disputes	Eldridge
III	Industrial Injuries Insurance	Young
IV	The Journey to Work	Liepmann
V	The Lorry Driver	Hollowell
VI	Military Organization and Society	Andrzejewski
VII	Mobility in the Labour Market	Jeffreys
VIII	Organization and Bureaucracy	Mouzelis
IX	Planned Organizational Change	Jones
X	Private Corporations and their Control - Part One	Levy
XI	Private Corporations and their Control - Part Two	Levy
XII	The Qualifying Associations	Millerson
XIII	Recruitment to Skilled Trades	Williams
XIV	Retail Trade Associations	Levy
XV	The Shops of Britain	Levy
XVI	Technological Growth and Social Change	Hetzler
XVII	Work and Leisure	Anderson
XVIII	Workers, Unions and the State	Wootton

MOBILITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET

Employment Changes in Battersea and Dagenham

by

MARGOT JEFFREYS

With the Assistance of
WINIFRED MOSS

Preface by
BARBARA WOOTTON

First published 1954 by
Routledge

Reprinted 1998, 2000 by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1954 Margot Jeffreys

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in The International Library of Sociology. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library

Mobility in the Labour Market
ISBN 0-415-17681-6
The Sociology of Work and Organization: 18 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17829-0
The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17838-X

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this
reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original
may be apparent

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

APPENDICES

PREFACE

T HIS study was supported from funds earmarked in the academic quinquennium 194852 by the University Grants Committee for the development of the social sciences, in accordance with the recommendations of the (Clapham) Committee on Provision for Social and Economic Research. As this Committee pointed out, social research is very expensive; and the more realistic and practical it becomes, the more formidable is the outlay involved. Nor can extensive field inquiries be undertaken by individual members of an academic staff carrying heavy teaching responsibilities. The share in this special allocation for the social sciences assigned to the Department of Sociology, Social Studies and Economics at Bedford College was, therefore, largely devoted to the establishment of a small social research unit, equipped to conduct field investigations. The present volume is the work of this unit, acting with the advice of Mrs. Gertrude Williams, Reader in Social Economics in the University of London, and myself.

The inquiry is modest in scale and restricted in area: it deals only with certain aspects of the industrial mobility of adult male workers in Dagenham and in Battersea. The large national and the small local investigation are, however, mutually complementary. National policies must be applied locally; and labour mobility, or immobility, results from innumerable decisions made by individuals whose lives and attitudes reflect the peculiarities of the environment in which they live and work. Intensive local case studies are not only useful to those directly interested in the districts concerned: they have a wider significance for the light which they throw upon the range and the nature of local variation.

Battersea and Dagenham were chosen partly because they could be easily and cheaply reached from central London. They had, moreover, the merit of being both alike and different. Both give a substantial volume of industrial employment; but whereas Dagenham's industries are relatively modern, those in Battersea tend to be old-established. As between these two areas, however, the similarities in the pattern of labour mobility proved to be more striking than the differences. Strong general influences are clearly at work.

Some of the findings fully confirm expectations. No one will be surprised to learn that young men change their jobs more readily than their elders. Other results are socially as well as economically suggestive. The large contribution to total mobility made by a small group of frequent job-changers is, for instance, very striking. If the most mobile 15 per cent in the population sampled had been as stable as the remaining 85 per cent, the total volume of movement between employers would have been halved. Within the limits of the present inquiry it was not possible to analyse further the make-up or the social characteristics of this highly mobile minority, though the fact does emerge that an unusually high proportion of these frequent job-changers did not discharge themselves, but were dismissed by their employers. This is clearly one of the many cases in which the findings of one investigation suggest the starting point of another.

At other points again, the study helps to correct the perspective in which we see the modern world of near-full employment. The link, for instance, between labour turnover and industrial mobility is too often missed. A man cannot ordinarily change from one industry to another without also changing from one employer to another. In the areas examined a significant proportion of job-changes turned out to be also industry changesa fact which suggests that problems of mobility and of turnover are not entirely unrelated.

Such differences between the two areas as do emerge from the inquiry suggest that policies of industrial dispersion may create special problems in districts such as Battersea where the resident population is declining. The young move out, leaving an industrial population which is predominantly middle-aged and elderly, and in consequence highly unadaptable to industrial change. These dangers may be minimized by intelligent redevelopment: only if they are ignored, must the price of New Towns be paid in evacuation areas that are both economically and socially derelict.

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