James William - Essays in Radical Empiricism

Title: Essays in Radical Empiricism

Author: William James

Release Date: May 26, 2010 [eBook #32547]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAYS IN RADICAL EMPIRICISM***

By William James

THE VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE: A STUDY IN
HUMAN NATURE. Gifford Lectures delivered at Edinburgh in 1901-1902.
8vo. New York, London, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans,
Green & Co. 1902.
PRAGMATISM: A NEW NAME FOR SOME OLD WAYS OF THINKING:
POPULAR LECTURES ON PHILOSOPHY. 8vo. New York,
London, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1907.
THE MEANING OF TRUTH: A SEQUEL TO PRAGMATISM. 8vo.
New York, London, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co.
1909.
A PLURALISTIC UNIVERSE: HIBBERT LECTURES ON THE
PRESENT SITUATION IN PHILOSOPHY. 8vo. New York, London,
Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1909.
SOME PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY: A BEGINNING OF AN INTRODUCTION
TO PHILOSOPHY. 8vo. New York, London, Bombay,
and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1911.
ESSAYS IN RADICAL EMPIRICISM. 8vo. New York, London, Bombay,
and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1912.
THE WILL TO BELIEVE, AND OTHER ESSAYS IN POPULAR
PHILOSOPHY. 12mo. New York, London, Bombay, and Calcutta:
Longmans, Green & Co. 1897.
MEMORIES AND STUDIES. 8vo. New York, London, Bombay, and
Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1911.
THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY. 2 vols., 8vo. New York:
Henry Holt & Co. London: Macmillan & Co. 1890.
PSYCHOLOGY: BRIEFER COURSE. 12mo. New York: Henry Holt
& Co. London: Macmillan & Co. 1892.
TALKS TO TEACHERS ON PSYCHOLOGY: AND TO STUDENTS
ON SOME OF LIFES IDEALS. 12mo. New York: Henry Holt
& Co. London, Bombay, and Calcutta: Longmans, Green & Co. 1899.
HUMAN IMMORTALITY: TWO SUPPOSED OBJECTIONS TO THE
DOCTRINE. 16mo. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. London: Archibald
Constable & Co. 1898.
THE LITERARY REMAINS OF HENRY JAMES. Edited, with an
Introduction, by William James. With Portrait. Crown 8vo. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co. 1885.

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO
FOURTH AVENUE & 30TH STREET, NEW YORK
LONDON, BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA
1912

COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY HENRY JAMES JR.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

The present volume is an attempt to carry out a plan which William James is known to have formed several years before his death. In 1907 he collected reprints in an envelope which he inscribed with the title Essays in Radical Empiricism; and he also had duplicate sets of these reprints bound, under the same title, and deposited for the use of students in the general Harvard Library, and in the Philosophical Library in Emerson Hall.

Two years later Professor James published The Meaning of Truth and A Pluralistic Universe, and inserted in these volumes several of the articles which he had intended to use in the Essays in Radical Empiricism. Whether he would nevertheless have carried out his original plan, had he lived, cannot be certainly known. Several facts, however, stand out very clearly. In the first place, the articles included in the original plan but omitted from his later volumes are indispensable to the understanding of his other writings. To these articles he repeatedly alludes. Thus, in The Meaning of Truth (p. 127), he says: This statement is probably excessively obscure to any one who has not read my two articles Does Consciousness Exist? and A World of Pure Experience. Other allusions have been indicated in the present text. In the second place, the articles originally brought together as Essays in Radical Empiricism form a connected whole. Not only were most of them written consecutively within a period of two years, but they contain numerous cross-references. In the third place, Professor James regarded radical empiricism as an independent doctrine. This he asserted expressly: Let me say that there is no logical connexion between pragmatism, as I understand it, and a doctrine which I have recently set forth as radical empiricism. The latter stands on its own feet. One may entirely reject it and still be a pragmatist. (Pragmatism, 1907, Preface, p. ix.) Finally, Professor James came toward the end of his life to regard radical empiricism as more fundamental and more important than pragmatism. In the Preface to The Meaning of Truth (1909), the author gives the following explanation of his desire to continue, and if possible conclude, the controversy over pragmatism: I am interested in another doctrine in philosophy to which I give the name of radical empiricism, and it seems to me that the establishment of the pragmatist theory of truth is a step of first-rate importance in making radical empiricism prevail (p. xii).

In preparing the present volume, the editor has therefore been governed by two motives. On the one hand, he has sought to preserve and make accessible certain important articles not to be found in Professor Jamess other books. This is true of Essays i, ii, iv, v, viii, ix, x, xi , and xii . On the other hand, he has sought to bring together in one volume a set of essays treating systematically of one independent, coherent, and fundamental doctrine. To this end it has seemed best to include three essays ( iii, vi , and vii ), which, although included in the original plan, were afterwards reprinted elsewhere; and one essay, xii , not included in the original plan. Essays iii , vi , and vii are indispensable to the consecutiveness of the series, and are so interwoven with the rest that it is necessary that the student should have them at hand for ready consultation. Essay xii throws an important light on the authors general empiricism, and forms an important link between radical empiricism and the authors other doctrines.

In short, the present volume is designed not as a collection but rather as a treatise. It is intended that another volume shall be issued which shall contain papers having biographical or historical importance which have not yet been reprinted in book form. The present volume is intended not only for students of Professor Jamess philosophy, but for students of metaphysics and the theory of knowledge. It sets forth systematically and within brief compass the doctrine of radical empiricism.

A word more may be in order concerning the general meaning of this doctrine. In the Preface to the Will to Believe (1898), Professor James gives the name radical empiricism to his philosophic attitude, and adds the following explanation: I say empiricism, because it is contented to regard its most assured conclusions concerning matters of fact as hypotheses liable to modification in the course of future experience; and I say radical, because it treats the doctrine of monism itself as an hypothesis, and, unlike so much of the halfway empiricism that is current under the name of positivism or agnosticism or scientific naturalism, it does not dogmatically affirm monism as something with which all experience has got to square (pp. vii-viii). An empiricism of this description is a philosophic attitude or temper of mind rather than a doctrine, and characterizes all of Professor Jamess writings. It is set forth in Essay xii of the present volume.