Paul Naour (auth.) - E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner: A Dialogue Between Sociobiology and Radical Behaviorism
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- Book:E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner: A Dialogue Between Sociobiology and Radical Behaviorism
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E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner: A Dialogue Between Sociobiology and Radical Behaviorism: summary, description and annotation
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This is going to be a conversation that I will have with B.F. Skinner. This is Ed Wilson. He invited me by to talk about sociobiology. Thus began a 1987 conversation between E.O. Wilson, who embodies sociobiology, and B.F. Skinner, who personifies radical behaviorism. The two Harvard colleagues shared a common interestbut very different perspectivesin behavior, human nature, and culture. They also shared years of exaggerated and ideologically-based claims regarding the perceived controversial nature of their work. However, the passage of over twenty years places their conversation in a very different evolutionary context that is the unifying theme of this book and Paul Naours inspiration to cleverly describe the relationship of their work.
Naour uses the conversation as a centerpiece around which he offers readers thought-provoking insight regarding how we can push the rigid boundaries of discipline-based dogmatism to understand the evolutionary relationships between sociobiology and radical behaviorism. Wilson (1998) challenges us to understand a balanced perspective cannot be acquired by studying disciplines in pieces but through pursuit of the consilience among them. Such unification will come hard. Wilson recently observed that What (Naour) has written is excellent, and will be an outstanding addition to the history of ideas.
During this sesquicentennial year of The Origin of Species and the bicentennial of Darwins birth, B.F. Skinner and E.O. Wilson: A Dialogue Between Radical Behaviorism and Sociobiology is an essential read for anyone interested in the evolutionary basis of human behavior. The book challenges readers to push beyond the boundaries of Wilson and Skinner, suggests relationships to current work, and inspires curiosity regarding how that work can provide additional insight to the biological basis of human culture. It will also appeal to those with interest in the contemporary history of science or psychology, and is written for a broad readership to provoke renewed consideration of Wilson and Skinner.
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A
Allport, G., 113
Altruism, 32, 51, 76
Amalgams, see Rumbaugh, D
An Essay on Population , see Malthus, T
Ants, 6368, 71, 83
B
Beagle, H.M.S, see Darwin, C
Behavioral phenotype, 38, 54, 100101
Behavioral plasticity, 51
Behavioral predispositions, 31, 71
Behavioral repertoire, 12, 22, 47, 50, 59, 71, 85, 95, 105
Beyond Freedom and Dignity , see Skinner, B.F
Black box, xix, 18, 4445, 68
Blackmore, S, 57
memetics, 5758
Blank slate, xvii, 36, 56
C
Canalization of behavior, 59, 83
Can Psychology be a Science of Mind?, see Skinner, B.F
Cell assembly theory, see Hebb, D. O
Chomsky, N, see Language
Classical conditioning, xi, 24, 34, 47
See also Respondent conditioning
Coevolution, see Gene-culture coevolution
Consequence
behavioral, 816, 103104
evolutionary, 41, 51, 97
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge , see Wilson, E. O
Consilience, x, 1, 38, 41
Consilience , xiii, 28, 41, 89
Creation (The) , 88
Cue, 5556
Cultural evolution, 16, 35, 42, 57, 93, 99, 111
Cultural norms, 41, 51
Cultural plasticity, 56
Culture, 1, 14, 1718, 22, 3137, 4142, 48, 5159, 6364, 7073, 76, 96100, 102, 111
Culturgen, 35, 54
Cumulative Record , see Skinner, B. F
D
Darwin, C
Origin of Species (On the) , xiv, 21, 2427, 30, 39, 107
voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, 2425
Dawkins, R, 39
meme, 35, 57
Selfish Gene (The) , 22, 29, 56
See also Selfish gene
Determinism, 29, 36, 42, 54, 56
Differential reinforcement, see Shaping
Discriminative stimuli, 12, 65
Dobzhansky, T., 27
Domain specific module, 54
E
Echo neurons, 99
Embryology, 38, 100
Emergents, see Rumbaugh, D
Epigenesist, 3637, 5859, 106
Epigenetic rules, 3342, 5859, 99
Essay on Population (An), see Malthus, T
Ethology, xvii, 5, 27, 32
Euculture, see Lumsden, C. and Wilson, E. O
Evo devo, see Evolutionary developmental biology (evo devo)
Evolutionary developmental biology (evo devo), 27, 38, 100101
Evolutionary developmental psychology, 27, 38 [Page 135] [Page 136]
Evolutionary psychology, xviii, 23, 27, 33, 37, 4344, 94
Evolution of phenotype, 100101
Extinction of behavior, 11
resistance to extinction, 45, 4749
F
Free operant behavior, 8, 16, 47, 8385
Free will, 15, 18, 4748, 5457
voluntary behavior, 4, 16, 47, 4955
G
Gene-culture coevolution, 16, 3144, 5759, 98102
epigenesist, 3637, 5859, 105106
Genes, Mind and Culture
See also Lumsden, C. and Wilson, E. O
Genes, Mind and Culture , see Lumsden, C. and Wilson, E. O
On Human Nature , 31, 87
Insect Societies (The) , 22, 23, 28
Naturalist (The) , 87
Promethean Fire , 31, 33, 40, 52, 63, 87
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis , 22, 23, 27, 30
Gould, S. J, see Sociobiology Study Group Granit, R., 108
Group selection, 23, 2930, 3942, 58
Guthrie, E., 4, 6
one-trial learning, 6
H
Haeckel, E., 107
Hamilton, W., 29
kin selection, 29
Harlow, H., 103106, 110
learning sets, 103, 110, 118
Haywood, H. C., xiv
Hebb, D. O., 50, 113
cell assembly theory, 50, 105
The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Model , 50
Hlldobler, B., 68
Hutchinson, G., 27
Huxley, J., 27
I
Imitation, 17, 34, 5559, 94100
modeling, 48, 9597
See also Echo neurons; mirror neurons
The Insect Societies , see Wilson, E. O
Instrumental learning, 56
Intelligence, 5051, 5759, 91, 97, 110, 114
Involuntary behavior, 4
See also Respondent conditioning
J
James, W., 69, 107
K
Kin selection, 29
L
Language
acquisition, 5556, 9899
Chomsky, N., 56
and intelligence, 35
Pinker, S., 56
Language Instinct (The), 56
social behavior, 5657, 9697
Law of effect, see Thorndike, E
Law of multiple responses, see Thorndike, E
Learning sets, see Harlow, H
Lewontin, R., see Sociobiology Study Group
Lorenz, K., 28
Lumsden, C. and Wilson, E. O
Genes , Mind and Culture , 22, 29, 3137, 52, 5758
euculture, 35, 97
teaching and learning continuum, 58
Lyell, C
Principles of Geology , 25
M
Mach, E
The Science of Mechanics , 69
MacLean, P
triune brain theory, 50
Malthus, T
An Essay on Population , 2425
Mayr, E., 27, 44, 62, 82, 85
Meme, 3536, 5758
Memetics, 5758
Mentalism, 5, 61, 80, 110
Mephistophelean bargain, 9091
Mind, 1, 1518, 3137, 4142, 4446, 59, 62, 68
Mirror neurons, 12, 59, 94, 9799
Modeling, see Imitation
Modern synthesis, 23, 2728, 38, 89
Multilevel selection, 2930, 3942, 58
See also Group selection
N
Natural selection
of culture, 3133, 4042, 4853
evolution, 2430 [Page 137]
of operant conditioning, 1618, 62
of respondent conditioning, 4
Neo-Darwinism, 26
Neotenous, see Neoteny
Neoteny, 38, 101102
emergent nature of, 54
Neural plasticity
environmental pressure, 46
malleability, 54
New synthesis, 2223, 2731, 89
O
One-trial learning, see Guthrie, E
Ontogeny, 27, 38, 4446, 73, 100102
Operant conditioning and evolution, 4555, 102
Operant conditioning, see Skinner, B. F
Operant imitation, see Imitation
Operant, see Free operant behavior
Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Model (The) , see Hebb, D. O
Organization and selection, 44, 62
Origin of Species (The) , see Darwin, C
P
Pavlov, I., 26
Peterson, N., 16, 64
Phylogeny, 15, 107
Piaget, J., 35, 111113
Pigeons, 6667
Pinker, S., 1
Blank Slate (The) , 56
Plasticity, 51, 56, 94, 100101
See also Neural plasticity Priming, 17, 97
See also Cue
Principles of Geology , see Lyell, C
Promethean gene hypothesis, 33
Proximate cause, see Relatively proximate cause
Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,
see Watson, J
Punishment, 913, 48, 88
Purposive behaviorism, see Tolman, E
Q
Quine, W., 78
R
Radical behaviorism, ixxiv, 1319, 4352, 97, 107109
respondent conditioning, 4
involuntary behavior, 4
Selection by Consequences, 12, 1519, 4244, 50, 56, 90100
Walden Two , 13, 48, 77, 8788
Radical behaviorism,see Skinner, B. F
Rate of behavior, 78
Rational behaviorism, see Rumbaugh, D
Reductionism, 5, 32, 42, 54, 56, 102
Reification (reify), 17, 3437, 58
Reinforcement
negative, 913, 4748, 88
aversive control, 73
positive, xix, 9, 53
wealth, 73
primary, 10, 47, 55
secondary, 10, 4749
vicarious, 12, 96
Reinforcement history, 47, 53, 104105
Reinforcement, schedules of, 1011, 110
continuous, 11
Relatively proximate cause, xiixiii, 17, 46, 5254, 58, 95, 99100
Relatively ultimate cause, xii, 1718, 44, 5258, 99102
Respondent conditioning, 4
Rogers, C., 13 Rumbaugh, D
amalgams, 104, 113115
emergents, 94, 103105, 114115
rational behaviorism, 94115
salience, 113115
S
Salience, see Rumbaugh, D
Segerstrle, U
Defenders of the Truth , 22
Selection by Consequences,
see Skinner, B. F
Selfish gene, 32, 58
Shaping
differential reinforcement, 4849, 56
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