George Daniels - American Science in the Age of Jackson (History Amer Science & Technol)
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American Science in the Age of Jackson (History Amer Science & Technol)
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In this first effort to define an American scientific community, originally published in 1968, George Daniels has chosen for special study the 56 scientists most published in the 16 scientific journals identified as national during the period 1815 to 1845. In this reprint edition, with a new preface and introduction, Daniels shows how American scientists emerged from a disorganized group of amateurs into a professional body sharing a common orientation and common goals.
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American Science in the Age of Jackson History of American Science and Technology Series
author
:
Daniels, George H.
publisher
:
University of Alabama Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0817307400
print isbn13
:
9780817307400
ebook isbn13
:
9780585336800
language
:
English
subject
Science--United States--History--19th century, United States--Intellectual life--1783-1865, United States--Intellectual life--1865-1918.
publication date
:
1994
lcc
:
Q127.U6D3 1994eb
ddc
:
509.73/09/034
subject
:
Science--United States--History--19th century, United States--Intellectual life--1783-1865, United States--Intellectual life--1865-1918.
Page i
American Science in the Age of Jackson
Page ii
History of American Science and Technology Series General Editor: LESTER. D. STEPHENS
Page iii
American Science in the Age of Jackson
George H. Daniels
Page iv
Copyright 1968 The University of Alabama Press New Preface copyright 1994 The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
Grateful acknowledgment is made to Columbia University Press for permission to offset the text from the original 1968 edition.
The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Daniels, George H. American science in the age of Jackson / George H. Daniels. p. cm. (History of American science and technology series) Originally published: New York: Columbia University Press, 1968. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8173-0740-0 1. ScienceUnited StatesHistory19th century. 2. United StatesIntellectual life18651918. I. Title. II. Series. Q127.U6D3 1994 509.73'09'034dc20 94-31186
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available
Page v
To George H. Daniels, Sr. and Katherine Robison Daniels
Page vii
Contents
Preface to the 1994 Edition
ix
Preface
xix
Introduction
1
1. The Pursuit of Science in America, 18151845
6
2. The Scientific Profession
34
3. The Reign of Bacon in America
63
4. The Philosophy in Action
86
5. A Deluge of Facts
102
6. The Limits of Baconianism: History and the Imponderables
118
7. Finalism, Positivism, and Scientific Explanation
138
8. The Inductive Process and the Doctrine of Analogy
163
9. Science, Theology, and Common Sense
191
Appendix I. Biographical and Bibliographical Sketches of Fifty-five Leading American Scientists of the Period 1815 to 1845
201
Appendix II. American Scientific Journals, 17711849
229
Notes
233
Index
277
Page ix
Preface to the 1994 Edition
In 1962, when I began the research that was later published as American Science in the Age of Jackson, American science was either a spurious field, as many people held, or one badly in need of definition, as it appeared to a growing number of young scholars. A handful of books and articles dealing with specifically American subjects had appeared; many were very well done, and a few of them are now regarded as classics. But exactly what the subject matter of a "field" of study to be termed "American science" was to be was still unclear. The best-known works up to that time had been biographical studies of those few individuals who had established a connection with the European scientific community and had achieved some recognition from itone thinks of Franklin, Gray, and Agassiz, each of whom had been the subject of an excellent study.1 Of a similar nature was Brooke Hindle's The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America, which focused on an extraordinary generation of American colonials who were recognized primarily by their connection to the world scientific community.2 But an "American science" dealing with those individuals who had received some degree of recognition by the world scientific community would soon have its subject matter exhausted. The basic proposition of those arguing against an "American science'' was, after all, correctAmericans had contributed only minimally to the developing body of world science before the twentieth century. Most early American scientists who had any claim to membership in the world scientific community
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