James Cook - The Voyages of Captain James Cook: The Illustrated Accounts of Three Epic Voyages
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The Voyages of Captain James Cook: The Illustrated Accounts of Three Epic Voyages: summary, description and annotation
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The first-ever illustrated account of Captain James Cooks epic eighteenth-century voyages, complete with excerpts from his vivid journals.
This is historys greatest adventure story. In 1766, the Royal Society chose prodigal mapmaker and navigator James Cook to lead a South Pacific voyage. His orders were to chart the path of Venus across the sun. That task completed, his ship, the HMS Endeavour, continued to comb the southern hemisphere for the imagined continent Terra Australis. The voyage lasted from 1768 to 1771, and upon Cooks return to London, his journaled accounts of the expedition made him a celebrity. After that came two more voyages for Cook and his crew, followed by Cooks untimely murder by natives in Hawaii. The Voyages of Captain James Cook reveals Cooks fascinating story through excerpts from his journals, as well as illustrations, photography, and supplementary writings.
During Cooks career, he logged more than 200,000 miles - nearly the distance to the moon. And along the way, scientists and artists traveling with him documented exotic flora and fauna, untouched landscapes, indigenous peoples, and much more. In addition to the South Pacific, Cooks voyages took him to South America, Antarctica, New Zealand, the Pacific Coast from California to Alaska, the Arctic Circle, Siberia, the East Indies, and the Indian Ocean. When he set out in 1768, more than one-third of the globe was unmapped. By the time Cook died in 1779, he had created charts so accurate that some were used into the 1990s.
The Voyages of Captain James Cook is a handsome illustrated edition of Cooks selected writings spanning his Pacific voyages, ending in 1779 with the delivery of his salted scalp and hands to his surviving crewmembers. Its bound to enthrall anyone who appreciates history, science, art, and classic adventure.
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This cutaway painting of Cooks Endeavour was created by Robert Nicholson for National Geographic. In spring 2016, as this book was going to press, archaeologists believed they discovered the sunken Endeavour in U.S. waters off the coast of Rhode Island. In 1775, the ship had been sold into private and later leased to the British navy. Renamed Lord Sandwich, the ship was scuttled in August 1778 along with twelve other British vessels in an attempt to scuttle the French navy coming to the aid of the colonies. At the same time, Cooks third voyage was sailing through the Bering Strait, unaware of the fate of his erstwhile vessel.
Chapter 1
TO MADEIRA
This extract from Cooks manuscript journal is matter-of-fact, but exemplifies the navigators precise and practical approach to the business of fitting out the Endeavour and the early stages of the voyage.
RIVER THAMES, FRIDAY, MAY 27TH, TO FRIDAY, JULY 29TH [1768]. Moderate and fair weather; at 11 a.m. hoisted the Pendant, and took charge of the Ship, agreeable to my Commission of the 25th instant, she lying in the Bason in Deptford Yard. From this day to the 21st of July we were constantly employed in fitting the Ship, taking on board Stores and Provisions, etc. The same day we sailed from Deptford and anchored in Gallions reach, were we remained until the 30th. The transactions of Each Day, both while we lay here and at Deptford, are inserted in the Log Book, and as they contain nothing but common Occurrences, it was thought not necessary to insert them here.
JULY 30TH TO AUGUST 7TH. Saturday, July 30th, Weighed from Gallions, and made sail down the River, the same day Anchored at Gravesend, and the next Morning weighed from thence, and at Noon Anchored at the Buoy of the Fairway. On Wednesday, 3rd of August, Anchored in the Downs in 9 fathoms of water, Deal Castle North-West by West. On Sunday, 7th, I joined the Ship, discharged the Pilot, and the next day saild for Plymouth.
MONDAY, 8TH. Fresh Breezes and Cloudy weather the most part of these 24 hours. At 10 a.m. weighed and came to sail; at Noon the South Foreland bore North-East / North, distant 6 or 7 Miles. Wind West by North, North-West.
A model of the Endeavour, a Whitby-made cat, or coal ship, designed to withstand the storms and shallows of the northeast England coast, and even be careened on a beach.
TUESDAY, 9TH. Gentle breezes and Cloudy weather. At 7 p.m. the Tide being against us, Anchored in 13 fathoms of Water; Dungeness South-West by West. At 11 a.m. Weighed and made Sail down Channel; at Noon, Beachy Head, North by East / East, distant 6 Leagues, Latitude observed 50 degrees 30 minutes North. Wind North-West to North.
WEDNESDAY, 10TH. Variable: light Airs and Clear weather. At 8 p.m. Beachy Head North-East by East, distant 4 Leagues, and at 8 a.m. it bore North-East by North, 9 Leagues. Found the Variation of the Compass to be 23 degrees West; at Noon the Isle of Wight North-West by North. Wind West by North, North-East by East.
THURSDAY, 11TH. Light Airs and Clear weather. At 8 p.m. Dunnose North by West 5 Leagues, and at 4 a.m. it bore North-North-East / East, distant 5 Leagues. Wind Variable.
The Thames marked the starting point of the first voyage in 1768. In 1791, neoclassical Irish painter James Barry depicted the river as a god guided by English navigational instruments and propelled by Walter Raleigh, Francis Drake, and James Cook (bottom center). Mercury, god of commerce, flies past overhead, a nod to the driving force behind state-sponsored exploration.
WEDNESDAY, 12TH. Light Airs and Calms all these 24 Hours. At Noon the Bill of Portland bore North-West / West, distant 3 Leagues. Latitude Observed 50 degrees 24 minutes North. Wind Easterly.
THURSDAY, 13TH. Ditto weather. At Noon the Start Point West 7 or 8 miles. Latitude Observed 50 degrees 12 minutes North, which must be the Latitude of the Start, as it bore West. Wind Variable.
SUNDAY, 14TH. Fine breezes and Clear weather. At / past 8 p.m. Anchored in the Entrance of Plymouth Sound in 9 fathoms water. At 4 a.m. weighed and worked into proper Anchoring ground, and Anchored in 6 fathoms, the Mewstone South-East, Mount Batten North-North-East / East, and Drakes Island North by West. Dispatched an Express to London for Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander to join the Ship, their Servants and Baggage being already on board. Wind North-Easterly.
MONDAY, 15TH. First and latter parts Moderate breezes and fair; Middle squally, with heavy showers of rain. I this day received an order to Augment the Ships Company to 85 Men, which before was but 70. Received on board fresh Beef for the Ships Company. Wind South-West to South-East.
TUESDAY, 16TH. First part moderate and Hazey; Middle hard Squalls with rain; the Latter moderate and fair. Received on board a supply of Bread, Beer, and Water. A Sergeant, Corporal, Drummer, and 9 Private Marines as part of the Complement. Wind South-South-East to North-East.
WEDNESDAY, 17TH. Little wind and Hazey weather. Sent some Cordage to the Yard in order to be Exchanged for Smaller. Several Shipwrights and Joiners from the Yard Employed on board refitting the Gentlemens Cabins, and making a Platform over the Tiller, etc. Wind South-East to East by South.
THURSDAY, 18TH. Little wind and Cloudy. Struck down 4 guns into the Hold. Received on board 4 More, with 12 Barrels of Powder and several other Stores. Shipwrights and Joiners Employed on board. Wind Easterly.
FRIDAY, 19TH. Former part little wind with rain; remainder fair weather; a.m. Read to the Ships Company the Articles of War and the Act of Parliament, they likewise were paid two Months Wages in advance. I also told them that they were to Expect no additional pay for the performance of our intended Voyage; they were well satisfied, and Expressed great Cheerfulness and readiness to prosecute the Voyage. Received on board another Supply of Provisions, Rum, etc. Wind North-West to South-West.
* * *
MOORED IN FUNCHAL ROAD, MADEIRA, WEDNESDAY, [SEPTEMBER] 14TH. First part fine, Clear weather, remainder Cloudy, with Squals from the land, attended with Showers of rain. In the Night the Bend of the Hawsers of the Stream Anchor Slipd owing to the Carelessness of the Person who made it fast. In the Morning hove up the Anchor in the Boat and carried it out to the Southward. In heaving the Anchor out of the Boat Mr. Weir, Masters Mate, was carried overboard by the Buoy rope and to the Bottom with the Anchor. Hove up the Anchor by the Ship as soon as possible, and found his Body intangled in the Buoy rope. Moord the Ship with the two Bowers in 22 fathoms Water; the Loo Rock West and the Brazen Head East. Saild His Majestys Ship
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