Philip Payton - The Maritime History of Cornwall

In memory of Stephen Fisher Mentor, friend and project initiator

First published in 2014 by

University of Exeter Press

Reed Hall, Streatham Drive

Exeter EX4 4QR

UK

www.exeterpress.co.uk

2014 University of Exeter Press

The right of the editors and contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978 0 85989 850 8

Typeset in 11pt Plantin Light, by Carnegie Book Production, Lancaster Printed in Great Britain by Short Run Press, Exeter

Helen Doe gained her PhD in Maritime History from the University of Exeter after an international career in marketing. She is a Fellow at the University of Exeter and her research interests are in the field of maritime business history and Cornish maritime history. She has published widely, with articles in the Economic History Review, International Journal of Maritime History, the Journal of Transport History and the Mariners Mirror. Her recent books are Enterprising Women in Shipping in the Nineteenth Century and From Coastal Sail to Global Shipping, a history of a mutual marine insurance club. She is co-editor with Professor Richard Harding of Naval Leadership and Management, 16501950, published in 2011.

Alston Kennerley served in the Merchant Navy as a navigating officer, having spent his first year in the four-masted barque Passat. After qualifying as a master mariner he pursued an academic career at Plymouth teaching navigation to generations of students taking cadet, mate and master courses, and maritime history to nautical undergraduates, while researching nautical education and seafarers welfare for his research degrees. He retired from the University of Plymouth in 2000, the year he published The Making of the University of Plymouth, a history of tertiary education in south Devon since 1815. He has published extensively in academic journals such as History of Education and International Journal of Maritime History, mostly on topics of maritime social history.

Philip Payton is Emeritus Professor of Cornish & Australian Studies at the University of Exeter, and Professor of History at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia. He served in the Royal Navy for thirty years, a dozen as a regular and the remainder as a reservist, retiring in the rank of Commander. He was inter alia Senior Lecturer in the Department of History and International Affairs at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 198991. Recent books include A.L. Rowse and Cornwall: A Paradoxical Patriot (2005, paperback 2007), Making Moonta: The Invention of Australias Little Cornwall (2007), John Betjeman and Cornwall: The Celebrated Cornish Nationalist (2010), and Regional Australia and the Great War: The Boys from Old Kio (2012).

John Armstrong recently retired as Professor of Business History at Thames Valley University (now the University of West London). He is interested in the history of all modes of transport and particularly the British coastal trade, on which he has published extensively. He was joint editor with Andreas Kunz of Coastal Shipping and the European Economy, 17301980, published in Mainz in 2002. For more than a dozen years he edited the Journal of Transport History and until last year he organised the British Commission for Maritime Historys seminars held at Kings College London. He is a Fellow of the British Commission for Maritime History. His two most recent books are The Vital Spark: The British Coastal Trade, 17001930, published in Newfoundland in 2009, and The Impact of Technological Change: The Early Steamship in Britain, in 2011 with David M. Williams.

John Appleby is a senior lecturer in History at Liverpool Hope University. He works on early modern English maritime and colonial history. He was a contributor to Volume I of the Oxford History of the British Empire and is the author of Under the Bloody Flag: Pirates of the Tudor Age (Stroud, 2009).

Dr G.H. Bennett is a reader in history at the University of Plymouth, where he has worked since 1992. Dr R. Bennett is a former merchant seaman and reader Emeritus at the University of Derby. Their work together includes Survivors: British Merchant Seamen in the Second World War, Continuum, London and Rio Grande, 2007, and Hitlers Admirals, United States Naval Institute Press, Annapolis (MD), 2004.

Terry Chapman retired to Cornwall after more than thirty years as an aircraft engineer in the Royal Navy. He then read Contemporary History with English in the University of Plymouth before beginning his postgraduate work on the National Dock Labour Scheme in Cornwall with the University of Exeters Institute of Cornish Studies at Tremough. Awarded his PhD in 2006, he maintains an interest in researching, speaking and writing around his thesis.

Bernard Deacon recently retired as Lecturer in Cornish Studies at the University of Exeters Institute of Cornish Studies, based at the Tremough campus. He was Programme Director for the Institutes innovative, flexibly delivered Masters degree in Cornish Studies. Among other things, he has written on the history of the family in Cornwall, the Cornish identity and Cornish nationalism and the fishing community of Newlyn. His book Cornwall: The Concise History was published by University of Wales Press in 2007. At present he is working on a book on the origin and spread of Cornish surnames.

Wendy Childs is Emeritus Professor in the School of History, University of Leeds. She has worked on Englands overseas trade in the later Middle Ages for over forty years and has published on particular commodities, overseas markets and English ports. These publications include an edition of The Customs Accounts of Hull 14531490 (1986) and contributions to The New Maritime History of Devon, Vol. I, ed. M. Duffy et al (1992) and Englands Sea Fisheries, ed. David J. Starkey et al. (2000).

Janet Cusack. The late Janet Cusack gained her doctorate from the University of Exeter and was a specialist on the history of yachting, one of the very few scholars working on this topic. She submitted her contribution on the history of yachting in Cornwall following a conference held at Exeter in 2001.

Roy Fenton is a researcher, author and publisher; co-editor of the journal Ships in Focus Record; a director and trustee of the World Ship Society; and frequent contributor to maritime history conferences. His specialism is the steam cargo ship, on which he has written or co-authored some twenty-five books and many articles and papers. In 2005 he was awarded a PhD for a thesis on the transition from sail to steam in the coastal bulk trades.

Maryanne Kowaleski is Joseph Fitzpatrick SJ Distinguished Professor of History at Fordham University. She is author of Local Markets and Regional Trade in Medieval Exeter (1995) and editor of Local Port Customs Accounts of the Port of Exeter 12661321 (1993) and The Haveners Accounts of the Earldom and Duchy of Cornwall 12871356 (2001).

Tony Pawlyn was born in Penzance and raised in Newlyn, and comes from a line of Cornish fishermen, mariners, shipowners and fish-merchants. He went to sea on the Newlyn trawlers as a lad in 1959. After spending some years on the Penzance to Isles of Scilly run on