John Marshall - Welsh Castle Builders: The Savoyard Style

Welsh Castle Builders

Welsh Castle Builders

The Savoyard Style

John Marshall

First published in Great Britain in 2022 by

Pen & Sword History

An imprint of

Pen & Sword Books Ltd

Yorkshire Philadelphia

Copyright John Marshall 2022

ISBN 978 1 39908 548 9

ePUB ISBN 978 1 39908 549 6

MOBI ISBN 978 1 39908 549 6

The right of John Marshall to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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Archives

ACV Archives cantonales vaudoises, Lausanne, Switzerland

ADI Archives dpartementales de lIsre, Grenoble, France

ADS Archives dpartementales de la Savoie, Chambry, France

AST Archivio di Stato di Torino, Italy

BNF Bibliothque Nationale de France, Paris

CAC Calendar of Ancient Correspondence Concerning Wales

CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls

CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls

CCR Calendar of Close Rolls

CChR Calendar of Charter Rolls

CChW Calendar of Chancery Warrants

CWR Calendar of Welsh Rolls.

LF Liber Feodorum (Book of Fees (Fiefs))

RG Rles Gascons

TNA The National Archives of the UK (TNA)

Collected and Published Primary Sources

Fdera Thomas Rymer. 1816. Fdera, Conventiones, Litter, et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica Inter Reges Angli et alios quosvis Imperatores, Reges, Pontifices, bel Communitates . Volume 1, London.

La Finanza Sabauda Mario Chiaudano. 19337. La Finanza Sabauda nel XIII sec. 3 Vols Turin. Biblioteca Della Societ Storica Subalpina.

Prests E. B. Fryde. 1962. Book of prests of the Kings Wardrobe for 12945. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Wurstemberger J. Ludwig Wurstemberger. 1856-9. Peter der Zweite, Graf von Savoyen, Markgraf in Italien, Sein Haus und Seine Lande. Vols 1-4. Berne: Stmpfle.

Chronicles

Ann. Cestrienses Richard Copley Christie. 1887. Annales Cestrienses : or Chronicle of the Abbey of St Werburg at Chester. The Record Society.

Ann. Dunstable Henry Richards Luard, 1864 Annales Monastici Vol III. Annales Prioratus Dunstaplia London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dye.

Ann. Trevet Thomas Hog. 1845. F. Nicholai Triveti, de ordine frat. Praedicatorum, Annales . English Historical Society.

Brut Brut y Tywysogion , or the Chronicle of the Princes: 1955. Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and trans. by T. Jones, History and Law Series, 16 Cardiff: Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

Chron. Gloucester William Alldis Wright, 1887. The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, Part II. London, HMSO.

Chron. Guisborough Walter of Guisborough. 1848. Chronicon domini Walteri de Hemingburgh Vols 1 & 2. London.

Chron. Lanercost Herbert Maxwell. 1913. The Chronicle of Lanercost, 12721346.

Chron. Langtoft Thomas Wright. 1868. The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft: In French Verse from the Earliest Period to the Death of King Edward I. Vol II.

Chron. Majora Eng John Allen Giles translation. 18523. Matthew Pariss English History Vols 13. Henry G. Bohn. London.

Chron. Majora Lat Latin text. Matthi Parisiensis . 1880. Chronica Majora . Vols 15. Ed. Henry Richards Luard. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dye.

Chron. Osney Henry Richards Luard, 1869. Annales Monastici Vol IV. Annales Monasterii de Oseneia . London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dye.

Chron. Thomas Wykes Henry Richards Luard. 1869. Annales monastici Vol IV Chronicon vulgo dictum chronicon Thomae Wykes (10661289). London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dye

Chron. Worcester Henry Richards Luard. 1864. Annales Monastici: Annales de Wigornia . London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dye.

Flores Historiarum Henry Richards Luard. 1890. Flores Historiarum . Volume III. London: for HMSO by Eyre and Spottiswoode.

Giraldus Cambrensis Giraldus Cambrensis , 1146?1223?, George F. (George Frederic) Warner, James Francis Dimock, and John Sherren Brewer. Giraldi Cambrensis Opera . London: Longman & co.; [etc., etc.], 186191.

Hist. Anglicana Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland, 1859, Bartholomi de Cotton, Monachi Norwicensus, Historia Anglicana .

It was normal in previous years to anglicize the names of people and places of other lands for English-speaking readers, thus Welsh Dafydd became David and francophone Jacques became James; similarly place names like Conwy became Conway and Caernarfon became Carnarvon. In deference to the people involved in this story and modern readers who are by now more used to place names expressed in local languages, we will use names, as far as is reasonably possible, with which they would have self-identified, that is called themselves. The main protagonist of the story is known today in the UK as Master James of St George, but he is referred to in thirteenth-century English primary sources (when not done so in Latin) by the name of his mother tongue, Mestre Jakes de Seint George. Therefore, we will use the closest thing we have to Mestre Jakes de Seint George, the name he himself used, the modern French rendering of Matre Jacques de Saint Georges. Accordingly, Edwards right-hand man, rendered variously in English as Otto de Grandson and Otto de Grandisono will be restored to his francophone Othon de Grandson, his brother from William of Grandison to Guillaume de Grandson, John of Bonvillars to Jean de Bonvillars, William of Cicon to Guillaume de Cicon, Peter of Savoy to Pierre de Savoie and so on. Similarly, with Eleanor de Provence we will use the Provenal form of her name which she herself used in correspondence, Alianor. Similarly for Eleanor de Castile we will use the Castilian Leonor for Eleanor if only to better distinguish all these Eleanors.