Izzi Howell - Fish

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Table of Contents

.

FISH

Izzi Howell

.

.

ANIMAL

FACT

S

FINDERS

FISH

Izzi Howell

NEW YORK

.

Published in 2018 by Windmill Books, an Imprint of Rosen Publishing East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010

Copyright 2018 Wayland, a division of Hachette Childrens Group

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer.

Editor: Izzi Howell Design: Clare Nicholas Other illustrations: Stefan Chabluk Consultant: Kate Ruttle

Picture and illustration credits: Corbis: David Shale/Nature Picture Library 21; iStock: qldian title page, tingfen 4tl, qldian 4bl, viridis 5, strmko 6, ifish 9, renacal1 17, Whitepointer 18; Shutterstock: iliuta goean cover, frantisekhojdysz 4tr, Songsak Pandet 4br, Mirko Rosenau 7t, Hayati Kayhan 7b, LauraD 8, Filip Fuxa 10t, stockpix4u 10b, Richard Whitcombe 11, Rich Carey 12, Amanda Nicholls 13, Levent Konuk 14, Rich Carey and 16, Peter Leahy 19, Beth Swanson

Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Howell, Izzi. Title: Fish / Izzi Howell. Description: New York : Windmill Books, 2017. | Series: Fact finders: animals | Includes index. Identifiers: ISBN 9781499483079 ( pbk. ) | ISBN 9781499483024 ( library bound) | ISBN 9781499482935 ( pack) Subjects: LCSH: Fishes--Juvenile literature. Classification: LCC QL617. H69 2017 | DDC 597--dc23

Manufactured in the United States of America

CPSIA Compliance Information: Batch #BS17WM: For Further Information contact Rosen Publishing, New York, New York at 1-800-237-9932

There is a question for you to answer on each spread in this book. You can check your answers on page

.

CONTENTS

What is a fish

Habitat

Breathing

Skin

Diet

Young

Movement

Senses

Strange fish

Quiz

Glossary

Index

Answers

.

WHAT IS A FISH?

Fish are a group of animals that are similar to each other in certain ways. Fish live underwater and breathe using gills. Most fish are covered in scales.

Leafy sea dragons, hammerhead sharks, eagle rays, and koi carp are all types of fish.

leafy sea dragon

hammerhead shark

eagle ray

koi carp

.

Almost all fish are cold-blooded. Cold-blooded animals cant control the temperature of their bodies. They have a high temperature in warm water, and a low temperature in cold water.

Butterfly fish need to stay warm to survive so they live in tropical seas and oceans.

FACT FINDER Although jellyfish and starfish have the word fish in their name, they are not fish. This is because fish have backbones, but jellyfish and starfish do not. Can you find out another animal with fish in its name that isnt a fish?

.

HABITAT

Some fish live in the salt water of seas and oceans. Many of the fish that we eat, such as cod and mackerel, come from temperate and polar oceans.

Most sharks, such as this gray reef shark, live in salt water.

FACT FINDER Bull sharks and river sharks can live in both salt water and freshwater. In South America, bull sharks have been found in rivers that are thousands of miles (kilometers) from the sea!

.

Many fish live in freshwater lakes and rivers. Some freshwater fish are very large, such as the 400/-pound (18/0 kg) arapaima. Others are small, such as neon tetras, which are only inch (2.5cm) long.

neon tetra

Shoals of red-bellied piranhas swim together in the lakes and rivers of South America. What do red-bellied piranhas eat?

.

BREATHING

Like all animals, fish need oxygen to survive. Instead of getting oxygen from the air as humans do, almost all fish get oxygen from water.

Most fish, like this lionfish, need water to breathe.

.

As water passes through a fishs body, its gills take oxygen from the water. Then, the fishs gills open to let the water flow out of its body.

A fishs gills are on the side of its head.

gills

FACT FINDER

The lungfish takes in oxygen from the air as well as from water. Lungfish can leave the water and live on land in mud burrows. Can you find out another fish that can live out of water?

.

SKIN

Fish have different kinds of scales. Most fish are covered in large, smooth scales, but sharks and rays have small, hard scales.

Shark skin is so rough that other animals can get hurt if they touch it.

Goldfish have smooth scales that lie on top of each other. This makes it easier for them to swim through the water.

.

The color of a fishs scales can help it to hide from predators. Fish that live far from the coast are often blue or black so that they match the color of the deep water.

The longnose hawkfish has a striped pattern which looks like the coral reef where it lives.

FACT FINDER The cleaner wrasse fish cleans the skin of other fish! How does it do this?

.

DIET

Many fish are carnivores. They have sharp teeth that help them to catch and eat other animals for food.

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