E.D. Hirsch - What Your Sixth Grader Needs to Know: Fundamentals of a Good Sixth-Grade Education, Revised Edition

All authors earnings from the sale of this book go to the nonprofit Core Knowledge Foundation, dedicated to the improvement of education for all children. Information about the activities and materials of the foundation are available from the Core Knowledge Foundation, 2012-B Morton Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22901.

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Copyright 1993 by Core Publications, Inc.: Core Knowledge Foundation
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eBook ISBN: 978-0-8041-8041-2

Reprinted by arrangement with Doubleday, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.

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This book is dedicated in loving acknowledgment to
Polly Hirsch
superb critic and editor, staunch benefactor of the Core Knowledge Foundation, faithful booster and bucker-up throughout the long labor of all six volumes.

This series has depended upon the help, advice, and encouragement of some two thousand people. Some of those singled out here know already the depth of my gratitude; others may be surprised to find themselves thanked publicly for help they gave quietly and freely for the sake of the enterprise alone. To helpers named and unnamed I am deeply grateful.

Project Manager: Tricia Emlet

Editors: Tricia Emlet (Text), Rae Grant (Art), Elaine Moran (Text)

Artists and Writers: Jacques Chazaud (Illustration), Tricia Emlet (Geography, Sayings), Leslie Evans (Illustration), Jonathan Fuqua (Illustration), Julie C. Grant (Illustration), Marie Hawthorne (Science Biographies), E. D. Hirsch, Jr. (Life Science, Physical Science), John Hirsch (Mathematics), John Holdren (About Literature, Stories, Mythology, World Civilization, American Civilization), Jennifer Howard (Speeches, Science Biographies), Blair Logwood Jones (Stories), Phillip Jones (Illustration), Bethanne H. Kelly (Stories), Michael McCurdy (Illustration), Gail McIntosh (Illustration), Elaine Moran (Visual Arts), A. Brooke Russell (Geography, Life Science, Physical Science), Peter Ryan (Music), Lindley Shutz (About Language), Joel Smith (Illustration), Mike Stanford (World Civilization, American Civilization), Alexandra Webber (Illustration), Meg West (Illustration), Perry Whidden (Illustration)

Art and Photo Research: Tricia Emlet, Rae Grant, Elaine Moran, Martha Clay Sullivan

Permissions: Martha Clay Sullivan

Advisers on Multiculturalism: Minerva Allen, Frank de Varona, Mick Fedullo, Dorothy Fields, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Marcia Galli, Dan Garner, Henry Louis Gates, Cheryl Kulas, Joseph C. Miller, Gerry Raining Bird, Dorothy Small, Sharon Stewart-Peregoy, Sterling Stuckey, Marlene Walking Bear, Lucille Watahomigie, Ramona Wilson

Advisers on Elementary Education: Joseph Adelson, Isobel Beck, Paul Bell, Carl Bereiter, David Bjorklund, Constance Jones, Elizabeth LaFuze, J. P. Lutz, Jean Osborne, Sandra Scarr, Nancy Stein, Phyllis Wilkin

Advisers on Technical Subject Matters: Richard Anderson, Andrew Gleason, Eric Karell, Joseph Kett, Michael Lynch, Joseph C. Miller, Margaret Redd, Mark Rush, Ralph Smith, Nancy Summers, James Trefil, Nancy Wayne

Conferees, March 1990: Nola Bacci, Joan Baratz-Snowden, Thomasyne Beverley, Thomas Blackton, Angela Burkhalter, Monty Caldwell, Thomas M. Carroll, Laura Chapman, Carol Anne Collins, Lou Corsaro, Henry Cotton, Anne Coughlin, Arletta Dimberg, Debra P. Douglas, Patricia Edwards, Janet Elenbogen, Mick Fedullo, Michele Fomalont, Nancy Gercke, Mamon Gibson, Jean Haines, Barbara Hayes, Stephen Herzog, Helen Kelley, Brenda King, John King, Elizabeth LaFuze, Diana Lam, Nancy Lambert, Doris Langaster, Richard LaPointe, Lloyd Leverton, Madeleine Long, Allen Luster, Joseph McGeehan, Janet McLin, Gloria McPhee, Marcia Mallard, Judith Matz, William J. Moloney, John Morabito, Robert Morrill, Roberta Morse, Karen Nathan, Dawn Nichols, Valeta Paige, Mary Perrin, Joseph Piazza, Jeanne Price, Marilyn Rauth, Judith Raybern, Mary Reese, Richard Rice, Wallace Saval, John Saxon, Jan Schwab, Ted Sharp, Diana Smith, Richard Smith, Trevanian Smith, Carol Stevens, Nancy Summers, Michael Terry, Robert Todd, Elois Veltman, Sharon Walker, Mary Ann Ward, Penny Williams, Charles Wootten, Clarke Worthington, Jane York

The Three Oaks Elementary School: Constance Jones, Principal; Cecelia Cook, Assistant Principal

Teachers: Joanne Anderson, Linda Anderson, Nancy Annichiarico, Deborah Backes, Katherine Ann Bedingfield, Barbara Bittner, Michael Blue, Coral Boudin, Nancy Bulgerin, Jodene Cebak, Cheryl Chastain, Paula Clark, Betty Cook, Laura DeProfio, Holly DeSantis, Cindy Donmoyer, Lisa Eastridge, Amy Germer, Elizabeth Graves, Jennifer Gunder, Eileen Hafer, Helen Hallman, Donna Hernandez, Kathleen Holzborn, Robert Horner, Jenni Jones, Zoe Ann Klusacek, Annette Lopez, Barbara Lyon, Cindy Miller, Lelar Miller, Laura Morse, Karen Naylor, Joanne ONeill, Jill Pearson, Linda Peck, Rebecca Poppe, Janet Posch, Judy Quest, Angie Richards, Angie Ryan, April Santarelli, Patricia Scott, Patricia Stapleton, Pamela Stewart, Jeanne Storm, Phillip Storm, Katherine Twomey, Karen Ward

Benefactors: the Dade County School District, the Exxon Education Foundation, the Lee County School District, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Shutz Foundation

Morale Boosters: