Leigh W. Cellucci - Ethics and Professionalism for Healthcare Managers, Second Edition

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This publication is intended to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold, or otherwise provided, with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

The statements and opinions contained in this book are strictly those of the authors and do not represent the official positions of the American College of Healthcare Executives or the Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Copyright 2022 by the Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Cellucci, Leigh W., author. | Cellucci, Anthony J., author. | Farnsworth, Tracy J., author. | Forrestal, Elizabeth. Ethics and professionalism for healthcare managers. | Association of University Programs in Health Administration, issuing body.

Title: Ethics and professionalism for healthcare managers / Leigh W. Cellucci, Tony Cellucci, Tracy J. Farnsworth.

Other titles: Gateway to healthcare management.

Description: Second edition. | Chicago, Illinois : Health Administration Press ; Washington, DC : Association of University Programs in Health Administration, [2022] | Series: Gateway to healthcare management | Preceded by Ethics and professionalism for healthcare managers / Elizabeth J. Forrestal, Leigh W. Cellucci. 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: This book prepares readers to recognize and respond to the ethical dilemmas they will encounter on a regular basis during their career in healthcare management. Through cases, exercises, and self-quizzes, readers can apply the theories and tools presented in the text to actual situations they may find themselves facing Provided by publisher.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021053183 (print) | LCCN 2021053184 (ebook) | ISBN 9781640553125 (paperback ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781640553095 (epub)

Subjects: MESH: Health Services Administrationethics | Delivery of Health Careethics | Professional Role | Ethics, Clinical | United States

Classification: LCC R724 (print) | LCC R724 (ebook) | NLM W 84 AA1 | DDC 174.2dc23/eng/20211209

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021053183

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021053184

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

Acquisitions editor: Jennette McClain; Manuscript editor: Deborah Ring; Project manager: Andrew Baumann; Cover designer: James Slate; Layout: Integra

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The family is our refuge and our springboard; nourished on it we can advance to new horizons. In every conceivable manner, the family is link to our past, bridge to our future.

Alex Haley

To our families, who have shown faith in us and our work and have done so with love and a lot of humor.

L. W. C., T. C., and T. J. F.

A s healthcare undergoes tremendous change amid the reverberations brought on by COVID-19 and its delta and omicron variants, the movement toward value-based care, and the push to provide virtual care, healthcare providers and those in academia who teach and train future healthcare providers and administrators face tremendous ethical challenges. COVID-19 is a worldwide phenomenon that has garnered the attention of governments, pharmaceutical companies, regulators, insurance companies, distributors, providers, and the general public. It has brought global health, public health, and healthcare management into the spotlight.

Beginning in 1945, as World War II concluded and troops returned home from Europe and the Pacific, healthcare was transformed from a public good into a commodity, access to which was based on the ability to pay for services. The economic interests of providers outweighed patients ability to receive comprehensive and compassionate services. The American College of Healthcare Executives first published its Code of Ethics to govern individual behavior in 1941 and has updated it periodically over the years. The latest iteration of the Code of Ethics states that individual behavior should maintain or enhance the overall quality of life, dignity, and well-being of those needing healthcare services and help create an equitable, accessible, effective, and efficient healthcare executive (ACHE 2017).

Healthcare has evolved since the Hill-Burton Act of 1946, which supported hospital construction to accommodate soldiers returning from World War II. Major legislative disruptors in healthcare since that time have included the Prospective Payment System of 1983, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and the Affordable Care Act of 2010. These laws created bureaucratic bloat, rules, regulations, and management procedures that accelerated the growth of health care management. Healthcare cost increases followed as a result of more people requiring healthcare services, an aging population, changes in disease prevalence and incidence, increasing use of healthcare services, and increases in the price and intensity of services (Dieleman et al. 2017).