Cover art of Water Skiing Witches courtesy of Gilly Reeves-Hardcastle
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
2011 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Crowley, Karlyn, 1968
Feminism's new age : gender, appropriation, and the afterlife of
essentialism / Karlyn Crowley.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4384-3625-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-4384-3626-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. FeminismUnited StatesHistory21st century. 2. New Age
movementUnited StatesHistory21st century. I. Title.
HQ1421.C76 2011
305.420973'0905dc22
2010032065
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acknowledgments
S o many people along the way believed in this project and helped me think it through even when others thoughtNew Age culture, really? My parents, to whom this book is dedicated, have been my first champions and encouraged every wild idea and intellectual longing even when they should have squashed them. I am me because of you.
This project began at the University of Virginia (UVA), where I had great support from professors and peers. Thanks to Eric Lott and Rita Felski, in particular, whose intellectual influence is all over this book; your unwavering engagement and enthusiasm have humbled me consistently. I also appreciate the years of camaraderie from the UVA American studies groupyou know who you areincluding Bryan Wagner, whose encouragement and initial ideas about race in this subculture were indispensable. Even earlier, I want to acknowledge my wonderful professors at Earlham College, especially Paul Lacey and Barbara Ann Caruso, who started me down the path of critical thinking and feminist criticism.
A shout-out to Lady Professor, my women's studies scholar posse, who made my thinking life a joy and gave me oodles of support. Catherine Orr, Ann Braithwaite, Astrid Henry, Alison Piepmeier, Diane Lichtenstein, and Annalee Lepp, I turn to you for renegade thinking about the field and for late nights at the National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) conferences. I also want to thank my editor at State University of New York (SUNY) Press, Larin McLaughlin, for nurturing the book along the wayyour faith increased mine at every turn.
My colleagues and friends at St. Norbert College gave me a home to complete this work. Thank-you to the English Department (Ryan Cordell, Deirdre Egan, Laurie MacDiarmid, John Neary, John Pennington, and Ed Risden) and especially to the women's and gender studies program. Kudos to all who attended faculty libation night at Nicky's barthose many conversations kept a soul going. My appreciation goes to the library staff and to all those interlibrary loaned books. I also relied heavily on Stacey Wanta and Kelly Krummel to hammer out production details that would have driven other less patient souls crazy. Equally, a number of undergraduate teaching assistants (TAs) helped me with parts of this manuscript: Paige Caulum, Meghan Engsberg, Christine Garten, Kellie Herson, Gretchen Panzer, Kristen Susienka, Cassandra Voss, and Sasha Zwiefelhofer, you have made my work and teaching life a delight; Shane Rocheleau helped in the final hour with images; and Amy Macdonald was my buddy. Gratitude goes to my dear friend Bridget Burke Ravizza for cheering emails and long walks.
Thanks to my YaYas (Helen Lodge, Danielle Pelfrey Duryea, and Kim Roberts), a group of friends who bolstered me more than I could have dreamed. You are sisters and a smarty-pants women's community all rolled into one. Helena, you read every line of it, just like you've known everything about me from before the moment I met you. Misty, your cakes, wisdom, and faith in all of us have guided me through every turn. Kimba, I wouldn't have written this project without you, since we wrote sitting next to one another in carrelsI aspire to be the shero that you are.
A particular thank-you to the artist Gilly Reeves-Hardcastle ( appear in New Age Feminism? Reading the Woman's New Age Non-fiction Bestseller in the United States, in Religion and the Culture of Print in Modern America, ed. Charles L. Cohen and Paul S. Boyer (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008); New Age Soul: The Gendered Translation of New Age Spirituality on The Oprah Winfrey Show, in Stories of Oprah: The Oprahfication of American Culture, ed. Trystan T. Cotten and Kimberly Springer (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010).
Thanks also to John Pennington for all of his jokes, voices, songs to the cats, intellectual sparring, and deep loyalty and love. And, finally, thanks to Ada Mae Varnon Crowley-Pennington: welcome to the world and to the wonkiest and goofiest of households. A blessed new chapter begins.
Introduction
It's Power without the Anger:
Spirituality, Gender, and Race in the New Age
I went to what I thought was a fairly innocent women's weekend at a commune outside of Charlottesville, Virginia, because I needed a break from graduate school and thought it would be a lark. But the mud baths and spirit circles had far more in store for me than I could have anticipated. What I discovered was more informed by a conglomeration of spiritual practices that could be called New Age than anything feminist, yet many of the women that weekend found it fortifying in feminist fashion. The fireside dance and drumming rituals were as empowering to them as were the mud baths and health food. Wasn't this what feminists longed for? Women healed their bodies, bonded, rebelled, expressed themselves, and communed, frequently in various states of disrobe around a fire. For me, this was the first of many such experiences in which the crossing of culturesfeminist and spiritual, academic and popular, public and privateproved fascinating, disturbing, and intriguing. It made me ask: why were New Age bookstores popping up everywhere I turned? Why did I always seem to know someone who was into crystals or Reiki or Goddess worship? And what was the appeal of these practices for white women, especially, and why were they turning to crystals when they could just as easily enact public forms of feminist protest? Where does a crystal get you?