8E
International Business
COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE
8E
International Business
COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE
Charles W. L. Hill
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE
Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2000, 1997, 1994 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ISBN 978-0-07-813719-8
MHID 0-07-813719-5
Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon
Publisher: Paul Ducham
Executive editor: John Weimeister
Director of development: Ann Torbert
Development editor: Megan Richter
Vice president and director of marketing: Robin J. Zwettler
Senior marketing manager: Anke Braun Weekes
Vice president of editing, design and production: Sesha Bolisetty
Senior project manager: Bruce Gin
Senior production supervisor: Debra R. Sylvester
Interior designer: Cara Hawthorne, cara david DESIGN
Senior photo research coordinator: Jeremy Cheshareck
Photo researcher: Keri Johnson
Senior media project manager: Joyce Chappetto
Cover design: Cara Hawthorne, cara david DESIGN
Typeface: 10.5/12 Goudy
Compositor: Aptara, Inc.
Printer: R. R. Donnelley
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hill, Charles W. L.
International business: competing in the global marketplace/Charles W. L. Hill.8th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-813719-8 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-813719-5 (alk. paper)
1. International business enterprisesManagement. 2. Competition, International. I. Title.
HD62.4.H55 2011
658.049dc22
2009033378
www.mhhe.com
For June &
Mike Hill, my parents
about the AUTHOR
Charles W. L. Hill University of Washington
Charles W. L. Hill is the Hughes M. Blake Professor of International Business at the School of Business, University of Washington. Professor Hill received his Ph.D. from the University of Manchesters Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in Britain. In addition to the University of Washington, he has served on the faculties of UMIST, Texas A&M University, and Michigan State University.
Professor Hill has published over 50 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals, including the Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review,
Strategic Management Journal, and Organization Science. He has also published two college texts: one on strategic management and the other on international business. Professor Hill has served on the editorial boards of several academic journals, including the Strategic Management Journal and Organization Science. Between 1993 and 1996 he was consulting editor at the Academy of Management Review.
Professor Hill teaches in the MBA, Executive MBA, Management, and Ph.D. programs at the University of Washington. He has received awards for teaching excellence in the MBA, Executive MBA, and Management programs. He has also taught customized executive programs.
Professor Hill works on a consulting basis with a number of organizations. His clients have included ATL, Boeing, BF Goodrich, Hexcel, House of Fraser, Microsoft, Seattle City Light, Tacoma City Light, Thompson Financial Services, and Wizards of the Coast.
brief CONTENTS
CONTENTS
list of MAPS
GNI per Capita, 2007
GNI Purchasing Power Parity per Capita, 2007
Growth Rate in GDP per Capita, 19982007
The Human Development Index, 2006
Political Freedom, 2006
Distribution of Economic Freedom in 2007
World Religions
Member States of the European Union in 2009
Economic Integration in the Americas
ASEAN countries
APEC Members
PREFACE
It is now two decades since I began work on the first edition of International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. By the third edition the book was the most widely used international business text in the world. Since then its market share has only increased. I attribute the success of the book to a number of goals I set out for myself when I embarked on the first edition of the book. Specifically, I wanted to write a book that (1) was comprehensive and up-to-date, (2) went beyond an uncritical presentation and shallow explanation of the body of knowledge, (3) maintained a tight, integrated flow between chapters, (4) focused on managerial implications, and (5) made important theories accessible and interesting to students.
Over the years, and through eight editions, I have worked hard to adhere to these goals. It has not always been easy. An enormous amount has happened over the last two decades, both in the real world of economics, politics and business, and in the academic world of theory and empirical research. Often I have had to significantly rewrite chapters, scrap old examples, bring in new ones, incorporate new theory and evidence into the book, and phase out older theories that are increasingly less relevant to the modern and dynamic world of international business. That process continues in the current edition. As noted below, there have been significant changes in this edition, and that will no doubt continue to be the case in the future. In deciding what changes to make, I have been guided not only by my own reading, teaching and research, but also by the invaluable feedback I receive from professors and students around the world who use the book, from reviewers, and from the editorial staff at McGraw Hill. My thanks go out to all of them.