For Bridget, Maisie, Florence, Dulcie and Miranda.
With thanks to Michael Jones, Rob Eastaway and Diana Kimpton for their help,
ideas and checking the sums!
Scholastic Childrens Books,
Euston House, 24 Eversholt Street,
London NW1 1DB, UK
A division of Scholastic Ltd
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Editorial Director: Lisa Edwards
Editors: Victoria Garrard, Stefanie Smith and Catriona Clarke
First published in the UK as The Murderous Maths of Everything by Scholastic Ltd, 2010
This electronic edition published by Scholastic Ltd, 2015
Text copyright Kjartan Poskitt, 2010
Illustrations copyright Rob Davis, 2010, 2015
Illustrations by Rob Davis based on an original artwork style created by Philip Reeve
eISBN 978 1407 16363 5
The right of Kjartan Poskitt and Rob Davis to be identified as the author and illustrator of this work respectively has been asserted
by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage or retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or otherwise, now known or hereafter invented, without the express prior written permission of Scholastic Limited.
scholastic.co.uk
Nearly everything in maths is linked to something else. When you read this book look out
for the link signs so you can see how all the different bits join up!
??
CONTENTS
Welcome to the
Murderous Maths
Organization!
Youve picked a good time to join us
because were having a royal visit to
celebrate our first 13 years of strange
numbers, odd shapes, tricks, illusions
and puzzles. Were going to take you
on the first ever tour around the MM
building. Along the way youll get to
see the Number Vaults, the Inside-out
Room, the Research Lab, the Department
of Random Thinking and loads more!
THEYRE
HERE!
The first stop is in the busiest part
of the building and thats the mailroom.
WE GET THOUSANDS OF
QUESTIONS FROM ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
I SAY!
MY GOODNESS!
YOU HAVE
UNREAD
MESSAGES!
THESE ARE THE MURDEROUS MATHS
BOOKS. EACH ONE HAS ITS OWN
SPECIAL BIT OF MATHS.
THE PHANTOM X DESPERATE
MEASURES IM IMPRESSED.
I MAKE SURE EACH
QUESTION GOES TO THE
RIGHT BOOK.
THESE ARE ALL THE
QUESTIONS WEVE ANSWERED.
HEXAGONS THROWING DICE
IMAGINARY NUMBERS
WHATS
THAT?
THOSE ARE ALL THE
QUESTIONS WE HAVENT
ANSWERED YET.
I NEVER KNEW THERE WAS
SO MUCH MATHS.
GASP!
I HEREBY COMMAND THATYOU PRODUCE ONE GREAT
BOOK WITH ALL THE ANSWERS TO
EVERYTHING IN MATHS.
GASP!
GULP!
STEADY ON, DEAR! YOURE
ASKING AN AWFUL LOT.
OH! AM I?
AHEM! AND IN REWARD
FOR YOUR THIRTEEN YEARS
OF LOYAL SERVICE, WE
PROCLAIM THAT IT SHALL BE
IN COLOUR!
HEY, AFTER ALL THESE
YEARS, WE DISCOVER WEVE
BOTH BEEN WEARING ORANGE
NYLON SHIRTS!
SMART!
Well show you round the Murderous Maths building so you
can meet all the characters and theyll show you all the
strange bits of maths that nobody else dares to mention.
HOW TO MAKE YOUR
BIRTHDAY LAST
TWICE AS LONG.
HOW THE NUMBER 1
CAN START FIGHTS.
HOW YOUR KEYBOARD
CAN NEVER BE
IN TUNE!
HOW TO WIN
SOME MONEY!
HOW TO CUT THINGS
UP AND LEAVE THEM
IN ONE PIECE.
HOW TO CURE
THE PLAGUE!
HOW TO MAKE
CRISPS FROM
GHOST POTATOES.
HOW BIG IS A
MONSTER STAR?
HOW TRIANGLES
LEAD TO MURDER!
AND ILL BE GIVING YOU SOME
DIABOLICAL CHALLENGES.
I WANT TO KNOW HOW MUCH
THIS WILL ALL COST!
AND I WANT TO KNOW
HOW MATHS CAN BE
MURDEROUS!
THATS TWO
QUESTIONS WITH THE
SAME ANSWER!
READ ON AND
WELL EXPLAIN
WHY
Youll even find several ways to make yourself FAMOUS for ever!
The murderous pennies
WHATS THAT
CHESSBOARD
FOR?
TO WORK OUT HOW
MUCH YOU HAVE TO
PAY US!
YOU CAN PUT 1 ON THE
FIRST SQUARE, 2 ON
THE SECOND SQUARE,
3 ON THE NEXT SQUARE
AND SO ON
BUT A CHESSBOARD
HAS 64 SQUARES, SO
HOW MUCH IS THAT
ALTOGETHER?
The sum is
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ...
+ 62 + 63 + 64
which comes to 2,080.
(2,080 is the sixtyfourth triangle number
THATS OVER TWO
THOUSAND POUNDS!
IF YOU PREFER, YOU
CAN JUST PUT ONE
PENNY ON THE FIRST
SQUARE
AND THEN 2p ON THE
NEXT SQUARE, AND THEN
4p, AND THEN 8p
SO IT DOUBLES
EVERY TIME!
Heres where we find
out how pennies can be murderous!
Lets see how many pennies go on the first few squares, and
remember, the number keeps doubling each time.
WHO CARES?
ITS JUST A FEW
PENNIES!
MAYBE 20?
ABOUT 10
WORTH?
2 x 2 =
2 x 2 x 2 =
2 x 2 x 2
2 x 2 x 2
x 2 =
x 2 x 2 =
So far so good, but the big question is:
How many pennies are there
on the sixty-fourth square?
To get the answer you multiply sixty-three 2s together. Its called 2 to the power of 63 and it looks like this:
263 = 22222222222222222222222222222222
2222222222222222222222222222222
The answer is
pennies.
GASP!
THATS ABOUT
92 MILLION
BILLION POUNDS
HOW BIG WILL THE
LAST SQUARE OF
THE CHESSBOARD
HAVE TO BE?
Height =
115 miles
115 miles
115 miles
Suppose your coins are neatly stacked up in a cube shape...
The last square will need to measure about 115 miles (185
km) along each side, and of course the cube will be 115 miles
(185 km) high. It would be like grabbing all the major cities in the
world and making them into a big pile. The pennies would weigh more
than 30,000,000,000,000 tonnes, which is a LOT more than the cities.
Suppose we put all the pennies in one tall thin pile...
The 21st square would have over a million pennies on it and be about a mile (16 km) high.
The pennies on the 39th square would reach the moon.
The pennies on the 48th square would go beyond the sun.
The pile of pennies on the 64th square would be
about 15 light years high!
(Find out about light years
Numbers dont have to be big to cause trouble. Thevery smallest numbers might look nice and cute andsimple, but sometimes they can be really awkward!Thats why we keep them safely locked away down inour Number Vaults. Enter at your own risk
NOW THATS
MURDEROUS!
WHO OMP!
.)