Allan B. Cobb - Super science projects about oceans
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Presents science projects that demonstrate facts about oceans, including the water cycle, buoyancy, density, pressure, depth, waves, and tides.
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To my mom and dad for always encouraging my love of science and nature.
Published in 2000 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010
Copyright 2000 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
First Edition
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cobb, Allan B. Super science projects about oceans / Allan B. Cobb. p. cm. (Psyched for science) Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: Presents science projects that demonstrate facts about oceans, including the water cycle, buoyancy, density, pressure, depth, waves, and tides. ISBN 0-8239-3174-9 (lib. bdg.) 1. OceanographyExperimentsJuvenile literature. 2. Science projectsJuvenile litera ture. [1. OceanographyExperiments. 2. Experiments. 3. Science projects.] I. Title. II. Series. GC21.5 .C63 2000 551.46'0078dc21
99-044867
Manufactured in the United States of America
Page 3
Contents
Introduction:
All about Oceans
4
Experiment #1:
The Water Cycle
6
Experiment #2:
Sink or Float?
12
Experiment #3:
Water Density
19
Experiment #4:
Pressure and Depth
26
Experiment #5:
Wave Energy
32
Experiment #6:
Tides and Shorelines
38
Glossary
44
Resources
45
For Further Reading
46
Index
47
Credits
48
Metric Conversion Table
48
Page 4
Introduction: All about Oceans
If you look at a globe, you will see that most of the earth's surface is covered by water. In fact, more than 70 percent of the earth's surface is water. About 97 percent of this water can be found in the oceans. Water is the most common substance on our planet. Because of this, Earth is often referred to as the water planet.
Water is very important to life on earth. Every organism, or living thing, depends on water to survive. Did you know that the body of an adult man contains about nineteen quarts, or nineteen liters, of water? Human beings are about 65 percent water. Without water you would die.
This book concentrates on some of the physical properties of water and the oceans. It covers six different areas: the water cycle, buoyancy, density, pressure, waves, and tides.
All of the water on earth passes through the oceans as part of the water cycle. The water cycle
Page 5
is the path that water follows as it travels between sea, air, and land. You will learn about the water cycle by building a working model of it.
Two of water's most important properties are buoyancy and density. Buoyancy is the upward force that water exerts on objects. It is what makes an object sink or float. Density is the weight of a given volume of water. Depending on the temperature and the salt content of the water, the density can change. The ocean has currents because of density differences.
If you want to understand the ocean, you will also need to know about pressure. Pressure is the force water makes as it presses down on an object. As water gets deeper, it creates more pressure. Pressure is very important to scuba divers, who swim deep in the ocean.
Just as all oceans have waves, they all have tides, too. Tides are the regular changes in sea level. Do you understand what causes waves and tides? Do you know how they work? This book will help you answer those questions.
The experiments in this book provide detailed instructions for getting started in your study of oceans. Beyond that, they depend on your observations. Each activity has its own instructions and safety warnings. Read on to discover more about oceans.
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