Allan B. Cobb - Super science projects about animals and their habitats
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Super science projects about animals and their habitats
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Super Science Projects about Animals and Their Habitats
Allen B. Cobb
Page 2
To my mom and dad for always encouraging my love of science and nature.
Published in 2000 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010
Copyright 2000 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
First Edition
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cobb, Allan B. Super science experiments about animals in their habitats / by Allan B. Cobb. 1st ed. p. cm. (Psyched for science) Includes bibliographical references. Summary: Introduces the concepts of behavioral and structural adaptations in animals through hands-on investigations and other projects. ISBN 0-8239-3175-7 1. Habitat (Ecology)ExperimentsJuvenile literature. 2. Animals AdaptationExperimentsJuvenile literature. [1. Habitat (Ecology) Experiments. 2. AnimalsHabitationsExperiments. 3. Animals AdaptationExperiments. 4. Experiments.] I. Title. II. Series. QH541.14.C62 1999 590'.78 21dc21 99-042687
Manufactured in the United States of America
Page 3
Contents
Introduction
Habitats and Adaptations
4
Experiment #1
Keeping Warm
7
Experiment #2
Insect Camouflage
14
Experiment #3
Bird Beaks
20
Experiment #4
Feeding Time
27
Experiment #5
Aquatic Habitat
31
Experiment #6
Predator and Prey
37
Glossary
44
Resources
45
For Further Reading
46
Index
47
Credits
48
Metric Conversion Table
48
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Introduction Habitats and Adaptations
Naturalists are scientists who study the way plants and animals adapt to and live within their habitats (the places where they live). These scientists spend much of their time in the field or in the laboratory observing. They record their observations in logbooks. Many times, a naturalist will observe a particular behavior and record it, then recognize it as important later. Having a logbook to record observations helps naturalists to notice patterns over the years.
The experiments in this book are designed to have you observe and record observations in a logbook just as a professional naturalist does. A logbook can be any kind of notepad or binderit does not need to be fancy. Remember, if you make an observation, it is important to record it as soon as possible, or you may forget.
This book is divided into two parts. The first part is about adaptations. Adaptations are ways
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in which organisms, or living things, cope with their environments. There are two main types of adaptations: structural and behavioral. Structural adaptations are physical features that help a plant or animal survive. The shape of a bird's beak, the coloration of a flower, or the thick coat of fur on a mammal are all examples of structural adaptations. Behavioral adaptations are ways in which an animal behaves that help it survive. Behavioral adaptations include hibernating in the winter, feeding at certain times, or acting a particular way around another living thing.
The second part of this book is about niches. All organisms live in an ecosystem, which is a system of living things and their environment. The role that an organism plays in the ecosystemwhat it eats, where it lives, what it doesis called its niche. Even though organisms share the environment with other organisms, each one has its own unique niche.
Many of the experiments in this book provide detailed instructions for getting started. Beyond that, they depend on your observations. Each activity has its own instructions and safety information. After completing these activities, you will have a better idea of how naturalists make discoveries about the world around them.
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1 Keeping Warm
Being cold is not much fun. In the winter, when you go outside, you put on a coat to stay warm. If it is really cold, you might put on gloves and a warm hat. People wear clothes to keep them warm. Animals do not wear clothes, of course, so they have to have other ways to stay warm. Some animals, such as dogs and cats, have fur. In the winter their fur thickens, and they are said to put on a "winter coat." In the spring they shed their winter coats. If you look closely at the winter fur, you will see that it is much finer than their normal fur. The fine fur fills in the spaces between the normal fur to make the coat much thicker. The thicker fur acts as insulation to hold heat in and keep cold out. Animals that live in cold climates develop much thicker winter coats than their relatives in warmer environments do. This is an adaptation that animals developed for living in cold climates.
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