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Boguslawsky Iliya - Large AC Machines: Theory and Investigation Methods of Currents and Losses in Stator and Rotor Meshes Including Operation with Nonlinear Loads

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Boguslawsky Iliya Large AC Machines: Theory and Investigation Methods of Currents and Losses in Stator and Rotor Meshes Including Operation with Nonlinear Loads
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Large AC Machines: Theory and Investigation Methods of Currents and Losses in Stator and Rotor Meshes Including Operation with Nonlinear Loads: summary, description and annotation

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In this monograph the authors solve the modern scientific problems connected with A.C. motors and generators, based first on the detailed consideration of their physical phenomena. The authors describe the theory and investigative methods they developed and applied in practice, which are considered to be of essential interest for specialists in the field of the electrical engineering industry in European countries, the USA, Argentina, and Brazil, as well as in such countries as India, China, and Iran. This book will be of interest to engineers specialized in the field of the manufacture, operation, and repair of A.C. machines (motors and generators) as well as electric drives; to professors, lecturers, and post-graduate students of technical universities, who are specializing in the field of electric machine engineering and electric drives; and to students who are engaged in the field of high current techniques, electric drives, and electric machine engineering.;Problems formulation -- Investigation methods of performance characteristics for double-fed machines with converter in rotor circuit. Summary of main investigation stages of A.C. machines -- Stator MMF harmonics at non-sinusoidal machine power supply (for me, Oe) -- Peculiarities of currents investigation in magnetically coupled circuits for A.C. machines with short-circuited rotor windings -- Representation of currents in rotor short-circuited winding elements in the form of generalized characteristics -- Passive quadripoles; recurrent circuits of various structure. Investigation of their peculiarities for modeling process of currents distribution in short-circuited rotor windings -- Active symmetrical and asymmetrical chain circuits. Investigation of their peculiarities for modeling process of currents distribution in short-circuited rotor windings -- EMF induced by resulting field in short-circuited loops of damper winding and squirrel cage -- Investigation methods of currents distribution in regular damper windings and squirrel cages -- Investigation methods of currents distribution in squirrel cages with asymmetry -- Investigation methods of currents distribution in irregular damper windings -- MMF of damper winding, squirrel cage (at asymmetry in them or at its absence) and excitation winding. Representation of MMF in the form of harmonic series in complex plane -- Field harmonics in air gap of A.C. machine in nonlinear network -- System of equations for magnetically coupled loops for A.C. machine in nonlinear network -- Peculiarities of operation modes of alternating current machine with short-circuited rotor windings at nonsinusoidal power supply -- Operation problems of high-power A.C. machines in nonlinear network -- Frequency-controlled induction motors in nonlinear networks: assessment criteria of higher harmonics influence. Method of criteria calculation -- Method of minimizing losses in high-power low-speed frequency-controlled motors in operation modes at nonlinear dependence of shaft torque on rotation speed -- Methods of decreasing nonlinear distortion factor in voltage curve of salient-pole generator. Investigation of EMF tooth harmonics of its multiphase winding with q per pole and phase as integer -- Methods of decreasing nonlinear distortion factor in voltage curve of double-fed machines. Investigation of EMF tooth harmonics of its multiphase stator and rotor windings with q per pole and phase as integer -- Method of determination stator winding MMF at arbitrary phase current waveform and unequal width of phase zones (for investigation of operational characteristics of frequency -- controlled motors) -- Investigation method of transient modes in induction machines with rotor cage asymmetry -- Theory and methods of investigation of eddy currents and additional losses in stator windings.

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Springer Japan KK 2017
Iliya Boguslawsky , Nikolay Korovkin and Masashi Hayakawa Large A.C. Machines 10.1007/978-4-431-56475-1_1
1. Problems Formulation
Iliya Boguslawsky 1 , Nikolay Korovkin 1 and Masashi Hayakawa 2
(1)
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
(2)
The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
Iliya Boguslawsky
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1.1 Requirements to High-Power A.C. Motors and Generators
The main tendency in the creation of modern alternating current (A.C.) motors for various industries and generators for stationary and mobile power plants is growth of their technical and economic level by an increase in their electromagnetic, thermal loads, improvement of construction and production technique. This tendency is caused by the need to increase constantly machine competitiveness.
Modern induction and synchronous motors of industrial frequency find broad application in metallurgy, mining, cement, woodworking industry, transport and agriculture. Generally, in operation practice use is made of two groups of indicators for determination of their technical and economic level: indicators for operation in nominal (rated) mode and in start-up mode.
First group contains motor efficiency, ratio of its nominal (rated) torque to volume of active part, its weight, etc. The second contains motor characteristics: start-up current and torque, maximum and minimum torques, value of admissible dynamic moment of inertia of mechanism coupled with motor shaft; in practice, the value of this dynamic moment is often limited to opportunities of short-circuited winding of motor rotor (damper winding, squirrel cage).
However, with growth of electromagnetic and thermal level of motors and corresponding increase of technical and economic indicators of the first group, there can be problems with some indicators of the second groupwith motor torque at start-up, with its maximum torque, etc.; they can decrease negatively affecting motor competitiveness. We note that these indicators are determined considerably by construction and parameters of short-circuited rotor winding of motor (damper winding, squirrel cage), distribution of currents in the elements of this winding induced during its operation. Therefore, investigation of parameters of these windings and distribution of currents in their elements represents a practical interest.
For the determination of technical and economic level of modern generators for stationary and mobile power plants of industrial frequency, use is also made of two groups of indicators: indicators for operation in nominal mode and in transient mode.
The first group of indicators for generators and motors is similar. The second contains indicators defining, for example, the degree of dynamic stability of generators for operation in parallel with high-power network, and for generators of autonomous power plantspossibility of preset power induction motor start-up, extent of generator voltage drop at sudden load-on. This load has peculiarities: it differs at start-up by lowered values of power factor (cos = 0.30.4), etc.
However, with growth of electromagnetic and thermal level of generators there can be problems with some indicators of the second group that also negatively affect their competitiveness. These indicators at preset current load to a certain extent are also determined by parameters depending on the construction of generator rotor damper winding.
Modern frequency-controlled electric drives nowadays are widely introduced in those industries, which were traditional for uncontrolled electric drives or for D.C. electric drives used, for example, in metallurgy and shipbuilding. In operation practice, in order to determine technical and economic level of frequency-controlled motors of these electric drives use is made of the same characteristics in nominal mode, as for machines of industrial frequency, especially, if these motors are intended for operation in the modes with sharp load variation. However, current and voltage distortion factors caused by the frequency converter operation in armature circuit have an essential impact on these indicators; they are determined by higher time harmonics in current and voltage curves of this circuit. Fields of these higher time harmonics induce additional EMFs (electro-motive forces) and currents in loops of a frequency-controlled motor, including in its short-circuited winding (damper winding, squirrel cage), especially at sharp load variation. Therefore, physical processes in rotor loops of industrial frequency motor at start-up and frequency-controlled motors in nominal mode and at sharp load variation are similar.
However, unlike the short-term start-up mode of industrial frequency motors, these EMFs and currents are typical for continuous operation mode of frequency-controlled machines. These cause a number of additional physical processes in motor, for example, additional heating of rotor and stator loops in comparison with motor operation in linear networks. Respectively, motor admissible power fed from a frequency converter should be reduced in comparison with the power when fed from a linear network; this admissible power taking into account nonlinear distortion factors needs to be previously calculated and specified in delivery specifications. With growth of machine electromagnetic level, the additional currents, losses and additional heating can also increase in rotor loops (damper winding, squirrel cage). We note that these indicators are considerably determined (as at asynchronous start-up from network) by construction and parameters of short-circuited rotor winding of motor, distribution of currents in the elements of this winding induced during continuous operation. Therefore, investigation of parameters of short-circuited rotor windings, distribution of currents in their elements represents a practical interest for machines of this class.
Modern generators of stationary and mobile power plants are even more often used in nonlinear networks. In short-circuited loops of their rotors, there appear additional currents and heating; they are similar to additional currents which continuously appear in synchronous motors fed from frequency converters.
Let us note that higher time harmonics caused by stator stepped form, in particular in salient pole machines with a small number of slots per pole and phase as well as in double-fed machines (in generator mode) can result in network nonlinearity; application of known measures to decrease EMF nonlinear distortions for these machines in practice sometimes meet certain difficulties, especially for double-fed machines. Therefore, the solution of these problems represents a practical interest.
It is also necessary to note problems of winding MMF (magneto-motive force) determination at non-sinusoidal power supply, in particular, generallyin asymmetrical modes, and currents in winding phases vary in time under arbitrary periodic (not only harmonic) law, and the winding is implemented with a fractional number of slots per pole and phase so its phase zone width cannot be identical.
Thus, practice puts forward problems of profound studying processes arising in modern A.C. machines with short-circuited rotor loops for operation in a nonlinear network. Its purpose is a further increase in machine technical and economic indicators and their competitiveness.
For this purpose, refinement of investigation methods is necessary for operational characteristics of the following:
  • synchronous and induction motors (especially for operation from a network or from a frequency converter in heavy modes, for example, with variable load, etc.);
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