Robert J. Hoffman MD MS - Fleisher & Ludwigs 5-Minute Pediatric Emergency Medicine Consult

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF

Robert J. Hoffman, MD, MS

Attending Physician

Department of Emergency Medicine

Medical Director, Qatar Poison Center

Program Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship

Sidra Medicine

Doha, Qatar

Vincent J. Wang, MD, MHA

Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine

Division Chief, Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Seay Distinguished Chair of Medicine

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Director of Emergency Services

Children's Health

Dallas, Texas

EDITORS

Richard J. Scarfone, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Medical Director, Emergency Preparedness

Program Director, Pediatric Emergency

Medicine Fellowship

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Sandip A. Godambe, MD, PhD, MBA

Professor of Pediatrics

Associate Program Director, Improvement Science Fellowship

Eastern Virginia Medical School

Attending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Chief Quality and Patient Safety Officer

Vice President, Clinical Integration and Quality

Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters

Norfolk, Virginia

Joshua Nagler, MD, MHPEd

Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine

Harvard Medical School

Associate Chief and Director of Medical Education

Division of Emergency Medicine

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Halden F. Scott, MD, MSCS

Associate Professor, Pediatrics

Section of Emergency Medicine

University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado

Kara Hennelly, MD

Assistant Professor, Pediatrics

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Washington University School of Medicine

Saint Louis Children's Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri

Jin Y. Kim, PharmD, BCPPS

Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Pharmacist

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California

Fleisher & Ludwigs
5-Minute
Pediatric
Emergency
Medicine
Consult

2nd EDITION

Editors-in-Chief

Robert J. Hoffman, MD, MS

Vincent J. Wang, MD, MHA

Editors

Richard J. Scarfone, MD

Sandip A. Godambe, MD, PhD, MBA

Joshua Nagler, MD, MHPEd

Associate Editors

Halden F. Scott, MD, MSCS

Kara Hennelly, MD

Jin Y. Kim, PharmD, BCPPS

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Sharon Zinner

Development Editor: Ashley Fischer

Editorial Coordinator: Emily Buccieri

Production Project Manager: Bridgett Dougherty

Design Coordinator: Holly McLaughlin

Manufacturing Manager: Beth Welsh

Production Service: Aptara, Inc.

2nd Edition

2020 WOLTERS KLUWER

2012 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at (products and services).

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Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available on request from publisher

ISBN-13: 978-1-4963-9455-2

ISBN-10: 1-4963-9454-5

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019908610

This work is provided as is, and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals' examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer's package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

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W e have produced this second edition of The 5-Minute Pediatric Emergency Medicine Consult with the specific goal of updating and refining the original textbook, which is a concise, formatted resource for the clinical management of pediatric emergencies and common pediatric complaints encountered in emergency departments and other settings. As academic pediatric emergency physicians, our goal is to apply the best evidence, published clinical practice guidelines, and other information to optimize patient care. Numerous constraints may interfere with one's ability to stay appraised of the most current evidence and guidelines applicable to pediatric emergency medicine. We recognize this and present this book as a resource for those who also wish to practice evidence-based medicine but require the information distilled in a single, easily accessible reference. This 5-Minute Pediatric Emergency Medicine Consult is exactly such a reference book. Honorifically named for the Fleisher and Ludwig Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, which is the seminal comprehensive textbook of pediatric emergency medicine, our text seeks to provide a rapid reference for use in the clinical workplace rather than thorough, extensive coverage of the subject matter. The 5-Minute Pediatric Emergency Medicine Consult is intended to be accurate, pointed, and readily integrated into practice.

Clinicians at all levels of training and all stages of career development need references to facilitate the provision of optimal patient management. Each chapter presents information in a thorough but concise, succinct manner so that all key points about clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, diagnostic investigations, therapeutic interventions including medications and doses, and admission or discharge criteria are presented. This text has been authored by selected pediatric emergency physicians from both emergency and pediatric medicine backgrounds to provide true subspecialty expertise. For this edition, we added a pediatric pharmacist to verify all medications.