Richard G Bachur - Fleisher & Ludwig’s Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Fleisher & Ludwigs

Textbook of Pediatric
Emergency Medicine

Eighth Edition

Senior Editors

Kathy N. Shaw, MD, MSCE

Professor and Associate Chair

Department of Pediatrics

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

The Nicholas Crognale Endowed Chair in Emergency Medicine

The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Richard G. Bachur, MD

Chief, Division of Emergency Medicine

Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine

Department of Pediatrics

Division of Emergency Medicine

Boston Childrens Hospital/Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts

Associate Editors

James M. Chamberlain, MD

Division Chief

Department of Emergency Medicine

Childrens National Hospital

Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine

George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences

Washington, DC

Jane Lavelle, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Department of Pediatrics

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Medical Director, Associate Division Chief Emergency Medicine

Medical Director, Pathway Program

Office of Continuous Quality Improvement

The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Joshua Nagler, MD, MHPEd

Associate Division Chief and Fellowship Director/Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine

Division of Emergency Medicine/Department of Pediatrics

Boston Childrens Hospital/Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts

Joan E. Shook, MD

Professor

Department of Pediatrics

Baylor College of Medicine

Chief Safety Officer and Chief Clinical Information Officer

Texas Childrens Hospital

Houston, Texas

Executive Editor: Sharon Zinner

Senior Development Editor: Ashley Fischer

Editorial Coordinator: Chester Anthony Gonzalez

Editorial Assistant: Brian Convery

Marketing Manager: Phyllis Hitner

Production Project Manager: Catherine Ott

Design Coordinator: Joseph Clark

Manufacturing Coordinator: Margie Orzech-Zeranko

Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc.

Eighth Edition

Copyright 2021 Wolters Kluwer.

Copyright 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health. Copyright 2010 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at (products and services).

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Shaw, Kathy N., editor. | Bachur, Richard G., editor.

Title: Fleisher & Ludwigs textbook of pediatric emergency medicine / senior editors, Kathy N. Shaw, Richard G. Bachur; associate editors, James M. Chamberlain, Jane Lavelle, Joshua Nagler, Joan E. Shook.

Other titles: Fleisher and Ludwigs textbook of pediatric emergency medicine

Description: 8th edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Wolters Kluwer, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: Our primary goal as practitioners is to provide high-quality, safe care for each child who arrives in our emergency department. The ability to stay current with knowledge and clinical skills across all possible conditions is impossible for any clinician. Furthermore, the evidence may be poor, inconsistent, or changing for the management of many diseases or injuries. This leads to a wide variation in practice, high rates of inappropriate care, patient harm, and wasted resources. Additionally, the model of optimal care in emergency departments is challenged by high acuity and crowding that demands teamwork, resources, a well-structured quality program, and a culture of high reliability. With this new edition of the Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, we provide easy web-based access for use in practice, links to clinical pathways based on the latest evidence and expert consensus, and a new, streamlined format that emphasizes the goals of quality careProvided by publisher.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020013643 | eISBN 9781975121532

Subjects: MESH: Emergencies | Child | Critical Care | Emergency Treatment | Infant

Classification: LCC RJ370 | NLM WS 205 | DDC 618.92/0025dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020013643

This work is provided as is, and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturers package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects, and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

shop.lww.com

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this book to all my colleagues, nationally and internationally, in Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics that care for ill and injured children. I hope this new edition will help in our mission to provide high-quality care. To the many students, residents, fellows, and junior colleagues whom I have taught and have taught me, thank you for your dedication. Finally, and most importantly, my love and gratitude to my family for their support: my husband Ben Green and our children Andrew, Becca, and Eric.

Kathy N. Shaw

Upon reflecting on this endeavor, I first need to thank my extraordinary mentor, Gary Fleisher, who bestowed this editorial position on me and provided strong guidance and support over the last 33 years. Taking the lead from Steve and Gary on this iconic tool of our specialty is one of the highest honors of my career. To Kathy Shaw, you are an inspiring partner and a visionary PEM leaderyou have enhanced every aspect of this process and thank you for the opportunity to work with you. To Bernadette, Ryan, and Abby, thank you for your love and encouragement. As we release this 8th edition, I am extremely hopeful that this textbook continues to be a tremendous resource for all those dedicated to emergency care for children.