NOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
Copyright 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-182924-3
MHID: 0-07-182924-5
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-182926-7, MHID: 0-07-182926-1.
eBook conversion by codeMantra
Version 1.0
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Educations prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
A career is made up of many thingschoices, challenges, opportunities, and lifelong learning. It was a privilege to care for sick and injured children and to teach residents and clinicians for three decades. I thank Gary Strange for inviting me on a great editorial journey for this textbook. I dedicate this edition to those who will carry on these duties and to my colleagues at Carolinas Medical Center. I also dedicate this to my grandchildren. May they become wiser and stronger as they grow up. And, I thank my wife An Ping for her love and support for over 40 years.
Robert Schafermeyer, MD, FACEP, FIFEM, FAAP
My love affair with pediatric emergency medicine has spanned four decades. I began as one of the first practitioners learning along the way-from continuous forays into the literature, from subspecialty colleagues and from invaluable interactions with many North American colleagues. The endless unanswered questions seduced me into a fulfilling career of clinical research. I am very grateful to the countless scores of patients who have taught me so much and to the many trainees and colleagues that keep me current and invigorated. The opportunity to edit this tome is a natural and treasured progression. The romance continues
Milton Tenenbein, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, FAACT, FACMT
To Karen Rose, Krystle Bartley, and Connie Smith from the Center for Clinical Effectiveness at Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Childrens Hospital for their technical support. To the families/advocates, researchers, administrators, and clinicians who strive to improve health care infrastructures to deliver high quality care to sick and injured children in emergent care settings. To the myriad teachers and learners who have taught me the art of medicine, the value of science, and the power of data. To my parents, who taught me the value of education and perseverance. To my brother, who early in life taught me the value of support. To Rodney, whose tolerance and compassion keeps me grounded. And to my children, Rachel and Jacob, who have redefined the lens through which I view pediatrics; who have given me indescribable purpose and endless joy; and without whom my priorities would be lost.
Charles G. Macias MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP
To my devoted husband Javaid; my beautiful, loving daughters Mariyah and Aleena; my incredible mother Afroz; and the countless friends and family who give me the inspiration, courage, and confidence to transform my dreams into reality.
Ghazala Sharieff, MD, MBA
To the clinical and administrative staff of the emergency department at Kapiolani Medical Center For Women & Children: While we are a relatively small department, we have grown substantially and have been at the forefront of pediatric emergency care in areas such as electronic health records, medical error reduction, diagnostic imaging, pharmaceuticals, and the patient experience. Thank you for all my training and clinical experience at this one facility. Thank you to my many teachers and colleagues for all that I have learned. Thank you to Dr. Robert Wiebe and Dr. Marian Melish, as my #1 and #2 mentors during my training and junior faculty years. Thank you to my parents Eugene and Jean, my wife Patricia, and my children Julienne, Joelle, and Brennan for providing me with encouragement, support, and a wonderful family life