Jaggan Saneja - Data interpretation simplified : a very useful book for all competition examinations

Notion Press Old No. 38, New No. 6 McNichols Road, Chetpet
Chennai - 600 031 First Published by Notion Press 2016 Copyright Jaggan Saneja 2016 All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-945688-03-4 This book has been published with all efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. However, the author and the publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. No part of this book may be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

Dedicated to my parents Late Master Chetan Dass Saneja & Late Smt. Bishan Devi PREFACE Mathematics needs a clear understanding of the concept and so does Interpretation of Data which also should not be dealt with by guessing until you have a good and perfect hand over it. A clear concept of the subject immensely helps the students in having an in-depth knowledge to solve a problem. The present work is an attempt to simplify the same. After a successful launch of my first book MATHEMATICS Simplified it is a matter of pride to publish another book titled DATA INTERPRETATION Simplified through M/s Notion Press Media Private Limited, Chennai 600 005.With the growing competition in different examinations and Data Interpretation taking major part in any question papers the author felt a strong need to present the basics in a lucid manner. Having an experience of more than 35 years in imparting teaching and guiding thousands of successful students for different competitive examinations, the author has tried to present the subject matter in an easy and understandable manner.

Every aspect of each chapter has been thoroughly dealt with. At the end of each chapter, Practice Exercises, Full Length Test Papers with objective type questions, in an increasing order of toughness, have been presented for recapitulation to have a better grip over the subject. Students are advised to try to finish the question set in the given stipulated time and mark the answers with utmost care. As there is a negative marking system in most of the examinations wide guessing is not advised.Every effort has been made to present the subject matter error-free, from both technical and typographical aspect. However, constructive and helpful suggestions for the improvement of the book are welcome which will be acknowledged with thanks.It is my pleasant duty to convey my sincere thanks to Mrs. Sarla Saneja, Tanush Kohli and Navansh Saneja who have always been a constant source of motivational support in the preparation of the book without hindrance.JAGGAN SANEJAM.Com, CAIIB ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jaggan Saneja, has already authored and launched a book MATHEMATICS Simplified successfully for various competition examinations like CAT, GMAT, Banking and CDS examinations.

Academically, he holds a Master Degree in Commerce and is a Certified Associate of Indian Institute of Bankers.Jaggan Saneja started guiding students for Mathematics, in Chandigarh Tricity, to prepare for defence examinations like NDA, IMA and CDS way back in 1980. But since 1990 onwards he has been exclusively guiding for GMAT, CAT, MBA and Banking examinations.Jaggan Saneja has been associated with M/s SANEJA TUTORIALS. With an extensive and rich experience to his credit, he has got an expertise in identification, understanding and cracking the mathematics problems in a quicker and shorter methods, in shortest possible time or even by glance of the questions which has helped thousands of his students come successful in various examinations. For a good number of years, his question papers for various competition examinations had been occupying prime space in famous magazines and periodicals. Data Interpretation questions fetch handsome scores in any competition examination and occupy a major share of the examination papers. The present book DATA INTERPRETATION Simplified has been authored by JAGGAN SANEJA (also author of MATHEMATICS Simplified already with the readers). It has been specially prepared for various competition examinations keeping in view the importance of Data questions. The questions have been prepared and presented in a simple manner with sufficient examples where the level of questions rises from easier to tougher.

The book contains a good number of examples, Practice Exercises followed by Test Exercises. Majority of the questions have been drawn from different examination papers for thorough practice and better understanding which shall help the readers in understanding the tricks of problem solving in a better way. The book will help readers in acquiring a better grip on the subject. Simplified series chainby JAGGAN SANEJA(i) MATHEMATICS Simplified .. with the readers(ii) DATA INTERPRETATION Simplified .. in the pipe lineReaders can reach the author by e-mail at 1.01 DATA INTERPRETATION DEFINED DATA INTERPRETATION Data interpretation means understanding, organizing and interpreting given data, as to get meaningful conclusions. in the pipe line Readers can reach the author by e-mail at 1.01 DATA INTERPRETATION DEFINED DATA INTERPRETATION Data interpretation means understanding, organizing and interpreting given data, as to get meaningful conclusions.

Usually, all competitive examinations devote an independent complete section based on data interpretation questions. In this book, various terms of data representations are given with clear explanations and short cut techniques. The data representation can broadly be classified as of Tables, Graphs, and Pie Charts. TABLES A table is one of the simplest and most convenient tool used for summarizing data and presenting it in a meaningful way. In a table, data is arranged systematically in columns and rows. While reading a table, the following parts need be given a careful observation. a.

TITLE OF THE TABLE : It gives a description of the contents of the table and precisely defines the kind of data, measurements and the period for which it occurred; b. COLUMN HEADING : This defines the information contained in the various columns with specifications of the unit of measurement in some cases; c. HEAD NOTE : In general, the unit of measurement is specified in the head note; d. FOOT NOTES : These are used to point out any exceptions in arriving at the data; Please note thatthe information arranged in a table generally may denote:-An alphabetic order or chronological order;Month wise or Year wise etc;Zero is indicated by O;A dash () or a blank shou`ld never be interpreted as ZERO. It indicates that the corresponding data is not available;However, it is always advisable to go through thelegendgiven in the question and no assumptions, of any kind, be made at your own level. GRAPHS The Graphs present a birds eye view of the entire data for quicker, better and proper understanding of the information. These are one of the most convincing and appealing methods used for presenting the data.

While the tables have the advantage of depicting the data precisely, on the other hand, the graphs have a better depiction of trends and comparisons, though the graphs present an approximation (until data is mentioned on the top of Bar or Histograph) in idea. There are a variety of graphs which are detailed below: a. BAR GRAPH : A bar is a thick line whose width is shown merely for attention. These are really just one dimensional as only the length of the bar matters and not the width. Bars may be horizontal or vertical. In normal trends and generally the respective figures are written at the end of each bar to facilitate easy interpretation.