Johnson Institute - What to Teach Kids About Narcotics (Opiates): For Parents, Teachers, and Other Caregivers
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What to Teach Kids About Narcotics (Opiates) : For Parents, Teachers, and Other Caregivers Parenting for Prevention Information Series
author
:
publisher
:
Hazelden Publishing
isbn10 | asin
:
156246163X
print isbn13
:
9781562461638
ebook isbn13
:
9780585351100
language
:
English
subject
Narcotic habit, Narcotics.
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
HV5801.W42 1998eb
ddc
:
649/.4
subject
:
Narcotic habit, Narcotics.
Page i
What to Teach Kids about Narcotics (Opiates)
For Parents, Teachers, and Other Caregivers
Page ii
Editor's Note: We use the term "alcohol and other drugs" in this book-let to emphasize that alcohol is a drugjust like tranquilizers, cocaine, marijuana, heroin, or any other mind-altering substance. We also sometimes use the term "chemical dependence" because it covers addiction to all these mind-altering drugs and because it's short and simple.
Copyright 1998 Johnson Institute-QVS, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book-let may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without express permission in writing from the publisher:
Johnson Institute-QVS, Inc. 7205 Ohms Lane Minneapolis, MN 55439-2159
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data What to teach kids about narcotics (opiates): for parents, teachers, and other caregivers. p. cm.(The parenting for prevention information series) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56246-163-X (pbk.) 1. Narcotic habit. 2. Narcotics. I. Johnson Institute (Minneapolis, Minn.) II. Series. HV5801.W42 1998 649'.4dc21 97-45711 CIP
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Page 1
What Are Narcotics?
Narcotics get their name from the Greek word narke, meaning numbness. Narcotics are a group of drugs that ease or alleviate pain and often induce sleep. The narcotics include:
opium
morphine
codeine
heroin
The last three are derivatives of the first (opium). Thus, narcotics are often called opiates. It's a good idea to be familiar with all four of these "natural" narcotics.
Opium
Opium comes from the juice of the opium poppy, a flower whose scientific name is Papaver somniferum, "the poppy that brings sleep." When dried, the juice from the flower forms brown chunks that can be crushed into a powder to be chewed, smoked, or even sniffed. Years ago, doctors used opium as a medicine. However, it proved to be very unreliable. Some people quickly became addicted to the drug. Others found no relief from it. Still others were made even sicker. The medical profession soon abandoned opium use.
Morphine
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, scientists who were working to refine opium discovered morphine. Morphine is a white crystalline drug and the
Page 2
principal chemical in crude opium. Ten times stronger than opium, doctors hoped morphine would be a more powerful but a far safer drug than opium in relieving pain. Morphine didand still doesa better job at pain relief than opium. Doctors use it to ease severe pain caused by cancer and other diseases, or serious injuries. However, morphine is also a much more addictive and dangerous drug than opium and so, the dosage has to be carefully controlled.
Codeine
Codeine is another derivative of opium that is used to control less severe types of pain. It is also used in cough medicines, because it depresses the part of the brain that controls the cough reflex. Codeine is not as powerful as the other narcotics, but people can and do become addicted to it, so it is a controlled medication. It is available only through a physician's prescription.
Heroin
Since opium and morphine proved to be powerful but dangerous drugs, doctors continued their search for another and safer form of narcotic. In the late 1800s, they discovered heroin.1
Heroin is a white powder derived from the drug morphine. It is twice as strong as morphine, and thus 20 times stronger than opium. It also works much faster in depressing the brain than does opium or morphine. Because it is so strong and so quick-acting, heroin is
1 On the street among addicts, heroin is known by a number of slang terms, including the following: "horse," "junk," "H," "smack," and "dope.''
Page 3
the most dangerous and most addictive of all the narcotics.
Heroin has no medical use today. Any sale, possession, or use of the drug is illegal. Heroin is the most commonly abused narcotic today.
Synthetic Narcotics
Opium, morphine, codeine, and heroin are often called "natural" narcotics, because they are derived from a product of nature (the opium poppy). In addition to these "natural" drugs, narcotics also include a number of synthetic drugs that have morphine-like effects, such as methadone, hydromorphone, and ropoxyphene. Methadone deserves special mention.
Methadone has effects that are very similar to the effects of morphine. It is particularly useful in treating the withdrawal symptoms suffered by people addicted to other narcotic drugs, especially heroin.
Methadone blocks the pleasurable effects of heroin. Even though people can also abuse methadone and even become addicted to itespecially if not used under a doctor's supervisionthis synthetic narcotic has helped many people detoxify and kick a heroin habit.
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