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Ana Fairchild - Spanish Grammar

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Ana Fairchild Spanish Grammar

Spanish Grammar: summary, description and annotation

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Unlike traditional textbooks, which leave students without a clear understanding of the different tenses and moods, the Collins College Outline for Spanish Grammar is organized conceptually, explaining in detail subjunctive and imperative moods, passive voice, negatives, idioms, and the rules of accentuation. With sections on articles, adjectives, nouns, and verbs, along with a comprehensive vocabulary appendix for quick and easy reference, this is the essential guide to understanding Spanish. Completely revised and updated by Professor Ana Fairchild, this book includes a test yourself section with answers and complete explanations at the end of each chapter. Also included are bibliographies for further reading, as well as numerous vocabulary lists, exercises, and examples.

The Collins College Outlines are a completely revised, in-depth series of study guides for all areas of study, including the Humanities, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Science, Language, History, and Business. Featuring the most up-to-date information, each book is written by a seasoned professor in the field and focuses on a simplified and general overview of the subject for college students and, where appropriate, Advanced Placement students. Each Collins College Outline is fully integrated with the major curriculum for its subject and is a perfect supplement for any standard textbook.

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SPANISH GRAMMAR. Copyright 1992, 2006 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this ebook on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins ebooks. An American Book Works Corporation Production HarperCollins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use.

For information please write: Special Markets Department, HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication has been applied for. ISBN: 978-0-06-088157-3 ISBN-10: 0-06-088157-7 EPub Edition AUGUST 2011 ISBN: 978-0-06-211513-3 06 07 08 09 10 CW 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Our goals in creating and editing this textbook have been to provide you with a clear and simple reference to some of the most difficult aspects of Spanish grammar. We have found that, in general, most language textbooks have segments of grammar points spread throughout the text according to themes. For example, the use of prepositions might be spread out through three or four chapters, or verb tenses might not always follow a logical sequence. This study guide, on the other hand, is meant to help you understand conceptual differences that are at times difficult to grasp in the more traditional language textbook.

This book contains explanations of grammatical rules as well as a series of opportunities to test yourself, with an answer key at the end of each chapter. We have also included a set of idioms and expressions that will facilitate your use and comprehension of Spanish, and have outlined the rules for using accent marks with Spanish words. We would like to thank the reviewers for their attention to detail and their suggestions on how to improve this book. Although we were unable to implement all the suggestions, we are grateful for their comments. We would like to offer special thanks to all the people who have shown us their support on this endeavor.

Articles and Nouns
G ender and number are aspects that are sometimes difficult for English speakers to learn.

In this chapter we will look at how these function and also the use of the articles the and a in regards to these nouns.

ARTICLES
There are two types of articles in Spanish: definite and indefinite. The definite article (the) indicates a specific person or thing while the indefinite article (a, an) refers to a person or thing not known to the speaker. In a lot of cases they are used the same as in English. For example: The woman walked into the store. Or in the case of the indefinite article: A woman walked into the store.

These articles in Spanish agree with the noun in gender, (feminine, masculine) and number (singular, plural). One must keep in mind that the articles used in Spanish are often omitted in English.

Definite Articles
There are four definite articles in Spanish: el, la, los, las. The plural of the masculine el is los, and the plural of the feminine la is las.
el autobsbus
los autobusesbuses
la blusablouse
las blusasblouses
el caballohorse
los caballoshorses
la mesatable
las mesastables
el papelpaper
los papelespapers
la yeguamare
las yeguasmares
For phonetic purposes, feminine nouns that begin with an a or ha take the article el only when the first a is stressed.
el aguawater
las aguaswaters
el guilaeagle
las guilaseagles
ela almasoul
las almassouls
el armafirearm
las armasfirearms
el hachaax
las hachasaxes
But,
la accinaction
la aceitunaolive
la almohadapillow
la alturaheight
la amigafriend
Please note that the stressed syllable in this last group of words is not the first a. For more detail, see Chapter 12.
With Nouns
The definite article in used in Spanish much more than in English.

It is used with all general or abstract nouns: La vida es dura.Life is hard.Con el dinero no se puede comprar la felicidad.You cant buy happiness with money.La paz es una idea valiosa.Peace is a valuable idea.

When the Quantity is Vague
The article is omitted when the sentence implies some, any, each, or many. Necesito dinero para comprar comida.I need some money to buy some food. However, if the noun is modified, the definite article is used: Necesito el dinero que me dio mi abuelita para comprar libros.I need the money my grandma gave me to buy books.
When Referring to a Person
The definite article is used with titles when referring to a person. It is omitted when addressing the individual or with the titles don, doa, Santo, San and Santa.El rey Juan Carlos es un gran hombre.King Juan Carlos is a great man.El seor Ramrez es el dueo del apartamento.Mr. Ramrez is the owner of the apartment.La seorita Mara est estudiando la leccin.Miss Mara is studying the lesson. But, Cmo est usted, Seor Ramrez?How are you, Mr. Ramrez?Don Juan es un personaje famoso en la literatura.Don Juan is a famous literary character.Santo Domingo fund la orden dominica.Saint Dominic was the founder of the Dominican order.
When Referring to Languages
The definite article is used before all languages except when the name of the language follows the verb hablar or the prepositions a, en, and de:El espaol es un idioma importante.Spanish is an important language.
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