Anastasia Suen - Wired

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Illustrated by

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,&$31*$*38 starts with something you cannot see:

electrons. Electrons are part of an atom, and atoms are inside

everything , including you!

Electricity is electrons on the move. To create electricity we

make electrons move on purpose. The electricity that you use

every day moves on wires that run all over the city.

But one electron does not travel from a power plant

straight to your house. Oh, no! When electrons move, they

dance in circles. As the electrons dance, electricity flows from

one electron to another. The electrons dance the electricity

from the power plant all the way to your house. As long

as the electrons keep dancing, electricity can keep flowing.

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At the power plant, machines

make power by making electrons

move. As water flows through the

dam, it makes big wheels, called

turbines, spin. The turbines are

connected to a generator. Inside

the generator is a large magnet

surrounded with wires. When the

turbines spin, the magnet spins,

too. As the magnet spins, the

electrons in the wires begin to

move. Electricity has been created!

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Outside the power plant, the wires from the

generator connect to a step-up transformer. Inside

the transformer, two coils of wire circle around a

core. One coil is longer than the other, so it goes

around the core more times. The electricity enters the

transformer on the smaller coil. This creates a

magnetic field, so the electrons on the longer coil

start dancing, too! Since the longer coil circles the

core more times, the electricity is stepped up.

Stepped-up electricity has more voltage. Voltage

is like pressure in a hose: the more water you have

flowing through the hose at once, the stronger the

spray and the higher the pressure. The more electrons

you have moving through a wire, the higher the

voltage. The three wires coming out of the step-up

transformer are called high-voltage lines.

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The high-voltage lines from

the step-up transformer are

carried on tall towers called

transmission towers. Transmit

means to send.

The electrons in these wires

dance the electricity from one

place to the next. Transmission

towers carry high-voltage wires

for miles and miles. The voltage

these lines carry is very high.

When electricity comes into the

step-up transformer, it is 13,000

to 24,000 volts . After the

electricity is stepped up, it can

be as high as 345,000 volts!

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When the high-voltage wires come near a city,

some branch off to a branch station, or substation.

At the substation, the wires come down to earth and

connect to another transformer. This transformer

will step down the voltage.

A step-down transformer also has two coils of

wires around a core. The wires coming in from the

high-voltage lines connect to the longer coil. As the

electrons on the longer coil dance, they create a

magnetic field inside the transformer. This makes

the electrons in the smaller coil start dancing, too.

The smaller coil has fewer turns around the core, so

the voltage (the pressure) has been stepped down.

Now its time to feed the hungry city!

Distribution lines, or feeder lines, reach out all

across the city. These lines distribute power to

everyone in the city who needs it.

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Feeder lines carry electricity to your

neighborhood, but this voltage is still too high

for you to use at home. All over the city are

distribution transformers small step-down

transformers. With their coils, these transformers

change the high voltage into medium voltage.

The lines at the top of the pole carry the

higher voltage. These lines are called primary

lines. After the electricity is stepped down

again by the distribution transformers, it goes

to the secondary lines. Now it is ready to go to

your house!

Next page

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