Pam Holden - Tides

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12

You are sure to have seen the changes of the tide when

you are at the beach. Do you know what makes the tide

come in and go out again? How often does it happen?

How do the tide changes help sea animals? Why are the

tides important to people?

because between change clean each happen pull while

Key Words

Use Teacher Talk to stimulate discussion of topic.

Develop research skills based on this topic.

Use Table of Contents to locate specic information.

Refer to Glossary to clarify basic concepts.

Notice soft g sound: change damage

Understand synonyms: shore/coast sea/ocean

Identify adjectives and adverbs used to add meaning.

Notice antonyms: high/low deep/shallow rise/fall

Identify soft c sound: piece cities difference

Promote drama, writing or art as follow-up activities.

First published in 2006 by Red Rocket Readers, an imprint of Flying Start Books Ltd.

Reprinted 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017.

18 Ardern Ave, Auckland 0932, New Zealand.

story Pam Holden

Printed in New Zealand

Photograph on page 2 supplied by www.stockcentral.co.nz

All other photographs supplied by Jupiter Unlimited

This book is copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission in writing

from the publisher.

www.redrocketreaders.com

Word Count = 596

ISBN 978-1-776850-72-3

written by Pam Holden

Contents Page

Tides

Moon and Sun 3

Spring tides 4

Neap tides 6

Tidal waves 8

People use tides 10

Tide pools 12

Low tides 14

Clean water 16

Tides

Tides are the rise and fall of the sea. Changes in the

tide happen along the coasts and in rivers near the

sea. High tide is when the water is deeper and comes

up high on the shore. Low tide is when the water is

shallower and does not come up so far.

Tides change because the moon and the sun pull

on the oceans and make them rise. The moon pulls

more strongly than the sun because it is closer to

Earth. High tides happen as the sea rises, and

low tides happen as it falls. Most places have two

high tides and two low tides every day.

Each month there are two special tides called

spring tides. The name has nothing to do with the

season spring, but is because the sea rises higher.

Spring tides happen when the moon and the sun are

in line with Earth and they pull together.

Spring tides have a big difference between high

tides and low tides high tides are extra high

and low tides are very low.

There are also two tides each month called neap

tides, which are the opposite to high tides. Neap

tides happen when the moon and the sun are in two

different directions and they do not pull together.

Neap tides do not rise and fall very much,

so they have only a small difference

between high tides and low tides.

Sometimes strong winds and storms make tides

come up much higher than usual. Sea walls have

been built to stop damage from huge waves.

Some rivers near coasts have special barriers

to stop tidal waves from flowing up the rivers

into cities and towns.

Tides are important to people for work and play.

Tide times are about an hour later each day, so

there are charts to tell when high and low tides

will happen. Fishermen need to know the best

times to move their boats and to catch fish.

Big ships need to move in and out of ports and

bays at high tide, when the water is deeper. For

swimmers, it is safer when the water is flowing

in than when the tide is pulling out. Surfers get a

better ride as big waves push them in to shore.

Along rocky coasts there are reefs and tide pools that

are home to many sea animals and plants. Fish swim in

with the tide to feed on seaweed, shellfish, and small

fish. Fishermen know that high tide is a good time to

catch fish there.

Shellfish open their shells to feed at high tide. But

when the tide is low, they close their shells and dig

into the sand to hide. Hungry seabirds hunt along

the shore for plants and animals.

At low tide, people can explore the rocky tide pools.

They see beautiful anemones living there, with

starfish moving slowly on the sand. Limpets and

periwinkles stick tightly to the rocks, so they wont

be washed away by strong tides. Crabs and octopuses

move in and out of cracks in the rocks, while snails

Next page

12

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