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Lee Dryburgh - Signaling System No. 7

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Lee Dryburgh Signaling System No. 7

Signaling System No. 7: summary, description and annotation

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A complete, practical guide to the worlds most popular signaling system, including SIGTRAN, GSM-MAP, and Intelligent Networks.

  • Provides in-depth coverage of the SS7 protocols, including implementation details
  • Covers SS7 over IP (SIGTRAN) using real-world examples
  • Covers SS7/C7 from both a North American and European perspective, providing a broad international understanding of the technology and associated standards
  • Explains mobile wireless concepts and signaling, including mobile application part (MAP)
  • Provides a thorough explanation of the Intelligent Network (IN) and associated protocols (INAP/AIN)

Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) is a signaling network and protocol that is used globally to bring telecommunications networks, both fixed-line and cellular, to life. SS7 has numerous applications and is at the very heart of telecommunications. Setting up phone calls, providing cellular roaming and messaging, and supplying converged voice and data services are only a few of the ways that SS7 is used in the communications network. SS7 also provides the point of interconnection between converging voice and data networks. This transition, which affects everyone who works with the data network, has bolstered the need for practical and applied information on SS7. In short, anyone who is interested in telecommunications should have a solid understanding of SS7.

Signaling System No. 7 (SS7/C7): Protocol, Architecture, and Services will help you understand SS7 from several perspectives. It examines the framework and architecture of SS7, as well as how it is used to provide todays telecommunications services. It also examines each level of the SS7 protocol-all the way down to the bit level of messages. In addition, the SIGTRAN standards are discussed in detail, showing the migration from SS7 to IP and explaining how SS7 information is transported over IP.

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Appendix A. MTP Messages (ANSI/ETSI/ITU)

The table in this appendix summarizes Message Transfer Part (MTP) messages and the purpose of each. The signaling network management (SNM) procedures of MTP3 generate MTP messages. For an introduction to MTP3, refer to

NOTE

Messages in are marked as (ITU) or (ANSI) when they have the same encoding and meaning but different naming conventions.

Table A-1. MTP Message Explanation and Codings

H1/H0 Code

MESSAGE NAME

PURPOSE

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

COO

Changeover Order

Indicates that traffic is being changed over from a primary link to an alternate link.

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

COA

Changeover Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement sent in response to a COO.

0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

CBD

Changeback Declaration

Indicates that traffic is being changed back to a primary link from an alternate link.

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

CBA

Changeback Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement sent in response to a CBD.

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

ECO

Emergency Changeover Order

Indicates that traffic is being changed over from a primary link to an alternative link. This differs from a COO in that the last accepted FSN cannot be determined, resulting in possible message loss.

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

ECA

Emergency Changeover Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement sent in response to an ECO.

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

RCT

Routeset Congestion Test

Sent after receiving a TFC in order to test whether a routeset is at the congestion level specified by the priority of the RCT message.

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

TFC

Transfer Controlled

Indicates routeset congestion for a destination. The level of congestion is indicated in the message to prevent messages of a lower priority from being sent.

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

TFP

Transfer Prohibited

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular destination must be sent via another route because of a total loss of routing capability to that destination.

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

TCP

Transfer Cluster Prohibited (A)

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular cluster must be sent via another route because of a total loss of routing capability to that cluster.

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

TFR

Transfer Restricted

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular destination should be sent via another route, if possible, because of diminished routing capability to that destination.

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

TCR

Transfer Cluster Restricted (A)

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular cluster should be sent via another route, if possible, because of diminished routing capability to that cluster.

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0

TFA

Transfer Allowed

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular destination can be routed normally.

0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

TCA

Transfer Cluster Allowed (A)

Sent by an STP to indicate that messages to a particular cluster can be routed normally.

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

RST ( ITU )

RSP ( ANSI )

Routeset Prohibited Test

Sent periodically after receiving a TFP to test whether the routeset state is still prohibited.

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

RSR

Routeset Restricted Test

Sent periodically after receiving a TFR to test whether the routeset state is still restricted.

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

RCP (A)

Routeset Cluster Prohibited Test

Sent periodically after receiving a TCP to test whether the routeset state for a cluster is still prohibited.

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

RCR (A)

Routeset Cluster Restricted Test

Sent periodically after receiving a TCR to test whether the routeset state for a cluster is still restricted.

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

LIN

Link Inhibit

A request to place a link in the inhibited state. An inhibited link cannot transmit user traffic from level 4.

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0

LUN

Link Uninhibit

A request to uninhibit a link that has been placed in the inhibited state.

0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

LIA

Link Inhibit Acknowledge

Acknowledgement sent in response to a LIN, allowing a link to be inhibited.

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

LUA

Link Uninhibit Acknowledgement

Acknowledgment sent in response to a LUN.

0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

LID

Link Inhibit Denied

Sent in response to an LIN, denying the request to inhibit a link.

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

LFU

Link Forced Uninhibit

Sent to request that a previously inhibited link be uninhibited. Used when the inhibited link is the only available route to a destination.

0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

LLT ( ITU )

LLI ( ANSI )

Link Local Inhibit Test

Sent for a link in the locally inhibited state to test that the far-end link state is marked as remotely inhibited.

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

LRT ( ITU )

LRI ( ANSI )

Link Remote Inhibit Test

Sent for a link in the remote inhibited state to test that the far-end link state is marked as locally inhibited.

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

TRA

Traffic Restart Allowed

Sent as part of the MTP restart procedure to indicate that traffic may be restarted.

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

TRW

Traffic Restart Waiting (A)

Sent as part of the MTP restart procedure to indicate that the sending of traffic should be delayed because of an MTP restart in progress.

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

DLC

Data Link Connection

No specification.

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

CSS

Connection Successful

No specification.

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

CNS

Connection Not Successful

No specification.

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

CNP

Connection Not Possible

No specification.

0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

UPU

User Part Unavailable

Sent to the originating signaling point when MTP cannot deliver a message to an MTP3 User.

KEY:

(A) Messages supported in ANSI only (ANSI T1.111-2000). All others supported by ANSI and ITU (Q.7041996).

Note: ETSI MTP [] uses exactly the same message set and codings as ITU-T.

[*] These messages are defined by the ITU and ANSI standards, but no specifications are stated as to their use. The authors are not aware of their actual use in existing networks.

Appendix B. ISUP Messages (ANSI/UK/ETSI/ITU-T)

The table in this appendix summarizes ISDN User Part (ISUP) messages and the purpose of each. For an introduction to ISUP, refer to

Table B-1. ISUP Messages
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