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Clément Nedelcu - Nginx HTTP Server - Second Edition

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Clément Nedelcu Nginx HTTP Server - Second Edition
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Make the most of your infrastructure and serve pages faster than ever with Nginx

Overview

  • Complete configuration directive and module reference
  • Discover possible interactions between Nginx and Apache to get the best of both worlds
  • Learn to configure your servers and virtual hosts efficiently
  • A step-by-step guide to switching from Apache to Nginx

In Detail

Nginx is a lightweight HTTP server designed for high-traffic websites, with network scalability as the primary objective. With the advent of high speed Internet access, short loading times and fast transfer rates have become a necessity. This free, open source solution will either come as a full replacement of other software such as Apache, or stand in front of your existing infrastructure to improve its overall speed.

Nginx HTTP Server - Second Edition provides a detailed guide to setting up Nginx in different ways that correspond to actual production situations: as a standalone server, as a reverse proxy, interacting with applications via FastCGI and more. In addition, the complete directive reference will be your best friend at all stages of the configuration and maintenance processes.

This book is the perfect companion for both Nginx beginners and experienced administrators. For beginners, it will take you through the complete process of setting up this lightweight HTTP server on your system and configuring its various modules to get it to do exactly what you need, in a fast and secure way. For more experienced administrators, this book provides different angles of approach that can help you make the most of your current infrastructure. Nginx can be employed in many situations, whether you are looking to construct an entirely new web-serving architecture or simply want to integrate an efficient tool to optimize your site loading speeds.

This book takes you through the setup and configuration of Nginx by detailing every step of the way, from downloading to configuring your server in a selection of common architectures.

What you will learn from this book

  • Download and build Nginx from source along with its dependencies
  • The basics of Nginx configuration: syntax, structure, semantics
  • Create virtual host configurations effortlessly
  • Discover all first-party modules and how to enable, configure and use them
  • Establish advanced rewrite rules with the Nginx Rewrite module
  • Set up Nginx to work with PHP, Python and more via FastCGI
  • Configure Nginx to work as a frontend for your existing HTTP server
  • Learn how to port your Apache rewrite rules through three practical examples
  • Troubleshoot if something goes wrong with the server

Approach

This tutorial book includes detailed instructions for each of the processes it describes: downloading and installing the application, configuring and using modules, and much more. It provides a step-by-step tutorial to replace your existing web server with Nginx. With commented configuration sections and in-depth module descriptions, you will be able to make the most of the performance potential offered by Nginx.

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Appendix A. Directive Index

The following table lists directives from all of the available first-party Nginx modules, as of Version 1.2.9. Each directive comes with a brief description, the module providing the directive (marked with a * if the module is not included by default), and the chapter and section where you will find more information. Directives are sorted alphabetically.

Directive

Module

accept_mutex: Enables or disables the use of an accept mutex

, Events module section

Events

accept_mutex_delay: Sets the delay of the accept mutex

, Events module section

Events

access_log: Defines access log settings

, Website access and logging section

Log

add_after_body: Adds content after response body

, Content and encoding section

Addition*

add_before_body : Adds content before response body

, Content and encoding section

Addition*

add_header : Adds arbitrary headers to responses

, Content and encoding section

Headers

alias : Sets a folder alias

, Paths and documents section

HTTP Core

allow : Allows an IP address or address range to access a resource

, Limits and restrictions section

Access

ancient_browser : Affects $ancient_browser if the request user agent matches a specified string

, About your visitors section

Browser

ancient_browser_value : Sets the value to be affected to $ancient_browser

, About your visitors section

Browser

auth_basic: Sets a text message to be displayed in basic authentication dialogs

Auth Basic

auth_basic_user_file: Defines the file containing usernames and passwords for basic authentication

, Limits and restrictions section

Auth Basic

autoindex: Enables automatic folder indexes

, Website access and logging section

Autoindex

autoindex_exact_size: Shows file sizes in bytes for automatic folder indexes

Autoindex

autoindex_localtime: Enables or disables adjusting file dates to match server local time

, Website access and logging section

Autoindex

break: Prevents further URL rewrites

Rewrite

charset: Sets charset value in Content-Type HTTP header

, Content and encoding section

Charset

charset_map: Defines character re-encoding tables

, Content and encoding section

Charset

charset_types: Defines MIME types eligible for charset re-encoding

, Content and encoding section

Charset

chunked_transfer_encoding: Allows disabling of chunked transfers

HTTP Core

client_body_buffer_size: Specifies the buffer size for client request body

HTTP Core

client_body_in_file_only: Forces Nginx to store the client request body as a file in all cases

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

client_body_in_single_buffer: Defines whether or not the body of client requests should be stored in a single buffer

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

client_body_temp_path: Sets the path for storing temporary client request body files

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

client_body_timeout: Sets inactivity timeout for reading client request body

HTTP Core

client_header_buffer_size: Sets the size of buffers allocated to request headers

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

client_header_timeout : Sets inactivity timeout for reading client request headers

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

client_max_body_size: Sets the maximum size for client request body

, Client requests section

HTTP Core

connection_pool_size: Defines the size of the pool memory space to be allocated to connections

, Socket and host configuration section

HTTP Core

connections: Deprecated (see worker_connections)

Events

create_full_put_path: Enables or disables recursive folder creation (creates full path) for PUT requests

, Other miscellaneous modules section

DAV*

daemon: Enables or disables daemon mode

, Core module directives section

Core

dav_access: Defines access permissions at the current level

, Other miscellaneous modules section

DAV*

dav_methods: Selects DAV methods to be enabled

DAV*

debug_connection: Enables detailed logs for the specified IP address or address range

Events

debug_points: Enables or disables debug points

, Core module directives section

Core

degradation: Sets memory condition to enable degradation error page

, Other miscellaneous modules section

Degradation

degrade: Sets error code to be returned by Nginx when low memory conditions are met

, Other miscellaneous modules section

Degradation

default_type: Sets the default MIME type for served files

, MIME types section

HTTP Core

deny: Denies an IP address or address range access to a resource

, Limits and restrictions section

Access

directio: Enables or disables the use of direct I/O

, File processing and caching section

HTTP Core

directio_alignment: Sets direct I/O byte alignment

and caching section

HTTP Core

disable_symlinks: Defines the way Nginx should handle symbolic links

, File processing and caching section

HTTP Core

empty_gif: Serves an empty gif from memory

, Content and encoding section

Empty GIF

env: Defines or redefines environment variables

, Core module directives section

Core

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