Hiroo Japanese Ctr - The Complete Japanese Verb Guide: Learn the Japanese Vocabulary and Grammar You Need to Learn Japanese and Master the JLPT
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- Book:The Complete Japanese Verb Guide: Learn the Japanese Vocabulary and Grammar You Need to Learn Japanese and Master the JLPT
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- Year:2001
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To effectively learn Japanese, a strong knowledge of Japanese grammar and vocabulary is needed. This book will come to the rescue as it shows learners how to conjugate the 600 most common Japanese verbs quickly, and with very little effort. This is the only guide to list all verb forms in both Japanese script and romanized form, while giving an accurate English translation for each conjugated form, making this book far more comprehensive than any other book on the subject.
Compiled by Japanese language experts at The Hiro Japanese Center, more than 30 different verbal forms are given for each verb including all forms used in contemporary spoken, written, formal and conversational Japanesemaking this the ideal reference when reading any sort of Japanese printed materials including manga, newspapers, magazines and books. The Complete Japanese Verb Guide places an expert resource at your fingertips, giving you the information you need to speak, read, and write Japanese sentences correctly.
Key features of this book are:
- Includes all the most useful verbs and Kanji (logographic Chinese characters) in Japanese, including less common ones.
- A wealth of example sentences are given to demonstrate correct verb usage.
- Over 30 forms are given for each verb including polite or formal, plain, negative, potential, conditional, passive, causative, and many more.
- Both Kana, Japanese script, and romanized forms are given for each entry.
- An ideal study guide for the standard Advanced Placement college test and the Japanese Language Proficiency Exam.
- Special sections are devoted to compound verbs and suru verbs such as Kaimono suru (to shop), benkyo suru (to study), and much more.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank the following people for their help with the publication of this book: first, our students, who in one way or another have both guided and prodded us to seek new and better approaches to teaching Japanese; and second, Richard Ryan, Peter Moore, Ross Story, and Erick Homsher, who were all kind enough to help out with the tedious job of proofreading. Special gratitude is due to the Charles E. Tuttle Company for offering editorial guidance and personal encouragement.
Hiroo Japanese Center:
Kazuo Ishii, Michiko Kono,
Yuko Miyazawa, Naomi Nagano,
Hitoshi Watanabe, Naomi Watanabe
Tokyo, Japan
A GUIDE TO JAPANESE VERBS
| Group 1 | agaru |
to go up, rise, get nervous, to finish, enter: (intrans.)
| Affirmative | Negative | ||
| PLAIN FORM: | PRESENT | agaru | agaranai |
| PAST | agatta | agaranakatta | |
| MASU FORM: | PRESENT | agarimasu | agarimasen |
| PAST | agarimashita | agarimasen deshita | |
| IMPERATIVE | agare | agaru na | |
| TE FORM | agatte | agaranakute | |
| CONDITIONAL: | PLAIN | agareba | agaranakereba |
| agatta ra | agaranakatta ra | ||
| FORMAL | agarimashita ra | agarimasen deshita ra | |
| PRESUMPTIVE: | PLAIN | agaru daroo | agaranai daroo |
| FORMAL | agaru deshoo | agaranai deshoo | |
| VOLITIONAL: | PLAIN | agaroo | |
| FORMAL | agarimashoo |
| Affirmative | Affirmative | ||
| POTENTIAL | agareru | HONORIFIC | oagari ni naru oagari nasaru |
| PASSIVE | agarareru | HUMBLE | (oagari suru) (oagari itasu) |
| CAUSATIVE | agaraseru | ||
| CAUS. PASSIVE | agaraserareru agarasareru |
Examples:
1. Kyuuryoo ga agarimashita.
My salary went up,
Bukka ga dondon agaru deshoo.
Prices will rise more and more.
Supiichi o suru toki, itsumo agarimasu.
When I make a speech, I always get nervous.
Ame ga agatta ra, dekakemashoo ka.
When it stops raining, let's go out.
Enryo shinaide, doozo oagari kudasai.
Don't hesitate. Come in please.
| ageru | Group 2 |
to raise, lift, give, (attached to a verb) finish: (trans.)
| Affirmative | Negative | ||
| PLAIN FORM: | PRESENT | ageru | agenai |
| PAST | ageta | agenakatta | |
| MASU FORM: | PRESENT | agemasu | agemasen |
| PAST | agemashita | agemasen deshita | |
| IMPERATIVE | agero | ageru na | |
| TE FORM | agete | agenakute | |
| CONDITIONAL: | PLAIN | agereba | agenakereba |
| ageta ra | agenakatta ra | ||
| FORMAL | agemashita ra | agemasen deshita ra | |
| PRESUMPTIVE: | PLAIN | ageru daroo | agenai daroo |
| FORMAL | ageru deshoo | agenai deshoo | |
| VOLITIONAL: | PLAIN | ageyoo | |
| FORMAL | agemashoo |
| Affirmative | Affirmative | ||
| POTENTIAL | agerareru | HONORIFIC | oage ni naru |
| agereru | oage nasaru | ||
| PASSIVE | agerareru | HUMBLE | oage suru |
| oage itasu | |||
| CAUSATIVE | agesaseru | ||
| CAUS. PASSIVE | agesaserareru |
Examples:
1. Kaisha wa kyuuryoo o agemashita.
The company raised our salaries.
Kaban o tana ni agemasu.
I'II put my bag on the shelf.
Tomodachi no tanjoobi ni purezento o agemashita.
I gave a present to my friend on his birthday.
Nihon-go o oshiete agemashoo ka.
Shall I teach you Japanese?
Ronbun o kaki-ageta ra, renraku shimasu.
When I finish writing my thesis, I'll contact you.
| Group 2 | akeru |
to open; to empty, keep the day open: (both trans.); the day breaks: (intrans.)
| Affirmative | Negative | ||
| PLAIN FORM: | PRESENT | akeru | akenai |
| PAST | aketa | akenakatta | |
| MASU FORM: | PRESENT | akemasu | akemasen |
| PAST | akemashita | akemasen deshita | |
| IMPERATIVE | akero | akeru na | |
| TE FORM | akete | akenakute | |
| CONDITIONAL: | PLAIN | akereba | akenakereba |
| aketa ra | akenakatta ra | ||
| FORMAL | akemashita ra | akemasen deshita ra | |
| PRESUMPTIVE: | PLAIN | akeru daroo | akenai daroo |
| FORMAL | akeru deshoo | akenai deshoo | |
| VOLITIONAL: | PLAIN | akeyoo | |
| FORMAL | akemashoo |
| Affirmative | Affirmative | ||
| POTENTIAL | akerareru | HONORIFIC | oake ni naru |
| akereru | oake nasaru | ||
| PASSIVE | akerareru | HUMBLE | oake suru |
| oake itasu | |||
| CAUSATIVE | akesaseru | ||
| CAUS. PASSIVE | akesaserareru |
Examples:
1. Mado o akete mo ii desu ka.
May I open the window?
Ryokoo ni iku node, shibaraku ie o akemasu.
Since we are going on a trip, we'll be away from home for a while.
Kondo no Nichiyoobi o akete oite kudasai.
Please keep this Sunday open.
Yo ga aketa.
The day broke./The sun rose.
Akemashite omedetoo gozaimasu.
Happy New Year.
The intransitive akeru, meaning the day breaks," generally has no imperative, volitional, potential, passive, causative, causative passive, honorific, or humble forms.
| akirameru | Group 2 |
to give up: (trans.)
| Affirmative | Negative | ||
| PLAIN FORM: | PRESENT | akirameru | akiramenai |
| PAST | akirameta | akiramenakatta | |
| MASU FORM: | PRESENT | akiramemasu | akiramemasen |
| PAST | akiramemashita | akiramemasen deshita | |
| IMPERATIVE | akiramero | akirameru na | |
| TE FORM | akiramete | akiramenakute | |
| CONDITIONAL: | PLAIN | akiramereba | akiramenakereba |
| akirameta ra | akiramenakatta ra | ||
| FORMAL | akiramemashita ra | akiramemasen deshita ra | |
| PRESUMPTIVE: | PLAIN | akirameru daroo | akiramenai daroo |
| FORMAL | akirameru deshoo | akiramenai deshoo | |
| VOLITIONAL: | PLAIN | akirameyoo | |
| FORMAL | akiramemashoo |
| Affirmative | Affirmative | ||
| POTENTIAL | akiramerareru | HONORIFIC | oakirame ni naru |
| akiramereru | oakirame nasaru | ||
| PASSIVE | akiramerareru | HUMBLE | (oakirame suru) |
| CAUSATIVE | akiramesaseru | (oakirame itasu) | |
| CAUS. PASSIVE | akiramesaserareru |
Examples:
1. Tanaka-san wa tenshoku o akirameta.
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