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A GUIDE TO JAPANESE VERBS agaru to go up, rise, get nervous, to finish, enter: (intrans.) GROUP 1
Affirmative | Negative |
PLAIN FORM | PRESENT | agaru | agaranai |
PAST | agatta | agaranakatta |
MASU FORM | PRESENT | agarimasu | agarimasen |
PAST | agarimashita | agarimasen deshita |
TE FORM | agatte | agaranakute |
CONDITIONAL | PLAIN | agareba/agatta ra | agaranakereba agaranakatta ra |
FORMAL | agarimashita ra | agarimasen deshita ra |
VOLITIONAL | PLAIN | agar | - |
FORMAL | agarimash | - |
IMPERATIVE | agare | agaru na |
Affirmative | Affirmative |
POTENTIAL | agareru | CAUS. PASSIVE | agaraserareru/ agarasareru |
PASSIVE | agarareru | HONORIFIC | oagari ni naru/ agarareru |
CAUSATIVE | agaraseru | HUMBLE | (oagari suru) |
Examples: Kyry ga agarimashita. My salary went up. Kaze de netsu ga 39do made agatta. My temperature went up to 39 because of cold. Supiichi o suru toki, itsumo agarimasu. When I make a speech, I always get nervous.
Ame ga agatta ra, dekakemash ka. When it stops raining, lets go out. Enryo shinaide, dzo oagari kudasai. Dont hesitate. Come in please. ageru to raise, lift, give, (attached to a verb) finish; to raise; to fly: (all trans.) GROUP 2
Affirmative | Negative |
PLAIN FORM | PRESENT | ageru | agenai |
PAST | ageta | agenakatta |
MASU FORM | PRESENT | agemasu | agemasen |
PAST | agemashita | agemasen deshita |
TE FORM | agete | agenakute |
CONDITIONAL | PLAIN | agereba ageta ra | agenakereba agenakatta ra |
FORMAL | agemashita ra | agemasen deshita ra |
VOLITIONAL | PLAIN | agey | - |
FORMAL | agemash | - |
IMPERATIVE | agero | ageru na |
Affirmative | Affirmative |
POTENTIAL | agerareru/agereru | CAUS. PASSIVE | agesaserareru |
PASSIVE | agerareru | HONORIFIC | oage ni naru/ agerareru |
CAUSATIVE | agesaseru | HUMBLE | oage suru |
Examples: Kaban o tana ni agemasu. Ill put my bag on the shelf. Tomodachi no tanjbi ni purezento o agemashita. I gave a present to my friend on his birthday. Shitsumon ga atta ra, te o agete kudasai. Please raise your hand if you have a question.
Nihon-go o oshiete agemash ka. Shall I teach you Japanese? Ronbun o kaki-ageta ra renraku shimasu. When I finish writing my thesis, Ill contact you. akeru to open; to empty, keep the day open: (both trans.); the day breaks: (intrans.) GROUP 2
Affirmative | Negative |
PLAIN FORM | PRESENT | akeru | akenai |
PAST | aketa | akenakatta |
MASU FORM | PRESENT | akemasu | akemasen |
PAST | akemashita | akemasen deshita |
TE FORM | akete | akenakute |
CONDITIONAL | PLAIN | akereba/ aketa ra | akenakereba/ akenakatta ra |
FORMAL | akemashita ra | akemasen deshita ra |
VOLITIONAL | PLAIN | akey | - |
FORMAL | akemash | - |
IMPERATIVE | akero | akeru na |
Affirmative | Affirmative |
POTENTIAL | akerareru/akereru | CAUS. PASSIVE | akesaserareru |
PASSIVE | akerareru | HONORIFIC | oake ni naru/ akerareru |
CAUSATIVE | akesaseru | HUMBLE | oake suru |
Examples: Mado o akete mo ii desu ka. May I open the window? Doa ni kagi ga kakatteite, akeraremasen.
I cant open the door because it is locked. Ryok ni iku node, shibaraku ie o akemasu. Since we are going on a trip, well be away from home for a while. Kondo no Nichiybi o akete oite kudasai. Please keep this Sunday open. Akemashite omedet gozaimasu.
A Happy New Year. The intransitive akeru , meaning the day breaks, generally has no imperative, akirameru to give up: (trans.) GROUP 2
Affirmative | Negative |
PLAIN FORM | PRESENT | akirameru | akiramenai |
PAST | akirameta | akiramenakatta |
MASU FORM | PRESENT | akiramemasu | akiramemasen |
PAST | akiramemashita | akiramemasen deshita |
TE FORM | akiramete | akiramenakute |
CONDITIONAL | PLAIN | akiramereba/ akirameta ra | akiramenakereba/ akiramenakatta ra |
FORMAL | akiramemashita ra |