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Hiroo Japanese Center (Tokyo - The complete Japanese verb guide

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Hiroo Japanese Center (Tokyo The complete Japanese verb guide

The complete Japanese verb guide: summary, description and annotation

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The Complete Japanese Verb Guide is a handy, easy-to-use guide to one of the building blocks of language learningverbs.
To effectively learn Japanese, a strong knowledge of Japanese grammar and vocabulary is needed. This book will come to the rescue as it shows learners how to conjugate the 600 most common Japanese verbs quickly, and with very little effort. This is the only guide to list all verb forms in both Japanese script and romanized form, while giving an accurate English translation for each conjugated form, making this book far more comprehensive than any other book on the subject.
Compiled by Japanese language experts at The Hiro Japanese Center, more than 30 different verbal forms are given for each verb including all forms used in contemporary spoken, written, formal and conversational Japanesemaking this the ideal reference when reading any sort of Japanese printed materials including manga, newspapers, magazines and books. The...

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank the following people for their help with the publication of this book: first, our students, who in one way or another have both guided and prodded us to seek new and better approaches to teaching Japanese; and second, Richard Ryan, Peter Moore, Ross Story, and Erick Homsher, who were all kind enough to help out with the tedious job of proofreading. Special gratitude is due to the Charles E. Tuttle Company for offering editorial guidance and personal encouragement.

Hiroo Japanese Center:
Kazuo Ishii, Michiko Kono,
Yuko Miyazawa, Naomi Nagano,
Hitoshi Watanabe, Naomi Watanabe

Tokyo, Japan

A GUIDE TO JAPANESE VERBS

Group 1agaru

to go up, rise, get nervous, to finish, enter: (intrans.)

AffirmativeNegative
PLAIN FORM:PRESENTagaruagaranai
PASTagattaagaranakatta
MASU FORM:PRESENTagarimasuagarimasen
PASTagarimashitaagarimasen deshita
IMPERATIVEagareagaru na
TE FORMagatteagaranakute
CONDITIONAL:PLAINagarebaagaranakereba
agatta raagaranakatta ra
FORMALagarimashita raagarimasen deshita ra
PRESUMPTIVE:PLAINagaru darooagaranai daroo
FORMALagaru deshooagaranai deshoo
VOLITIONAL:PLAINagaroo
FORMALagarimashoo

AffirmativeAffirmative
POTENTIALagareruHONORIFICoagari ni naru
oagari nasaru
PASSIVEagarareruHUMBLE(oagari suru)
(oagari itasu)
CAUSATIVEagaraseru
CAUS. PASSIVEagaraserareru agarasareru

Examples:

1. Kyuuryoo ga agarimashita.
My salary went up,

Bukka ga dondon agaru deshoo.
Prices will rise more and more.

Supiichi o suru toki, itsumo agarimasu.
When I make a speech, I always get nervous.

Ame ga agatta ra, dekakemashoo ka.
When it stops raining, let's go out.

Enryo shinaide, doozo oagari kudasai.
Don't hesitate. Come in please.

ageruGroup 2

to raise, lift, give, (attached to a verb) finish: (trans.)

AffirmativeNegative
PLAIN FORM:PRESENTageruagenai
PASTagetaagenakatta
MASU FORM:PRESENTagemasuagemasen
PASTagemashitaagemasen deshita
IMPERATIVEageroageru na
TE FORMageteagenakute
CONDITIONAL:PLAINagerebaagenakereba
ageta raagenakatta ra
FORMALagemashita raagemasen deshita ra
PRESUMPTIVE:PLAINageru darooagenai daroo
FORMALageru deshooagenai deshoo
VOLITIONAL:PLAINageyoo
FORMALagemashoo

AffirmativeAffirmative
POTENTIALagerareruHONORIFICoage ni naru
agereruoage nasaru
PASSIVEagerareruHUMBLEoage suru
oage itasu
CAUSATIVEagesaseru
CAUS. PASSIVEagesaserareru

Examples:

1. Kaisha wa kyuuryoo o agemashita.
The company raised our salaries.

Kaban o tana ni agemasu.
I'II put my bag on the shelf.

Tomodachi no tanjoobi ni purezento o agemashita.
I gave a present to my friend on his birthday.

Nihon-go o oshiete agemashoo ka.
Shall I teach you Japanese?

Ronbun o kaki-ageta ra, renraku shimasu.
When I finish writing my thesis, I'll contact you.

Group 2akeru

to open; to empty, keep the day open: (both trans.); the day breaks: (intrans.)

AffirmativeNegative
PLAIN FORM:PRESENTakeruakenai
PASTaketaakenakatta
MASU FORM:PRESENTakemasuakemasen
PASTakemashitaakemasen deshita
IMPERATIVEakeroakeru na
TE FORMaketeakenakute
CONDITIONAL:PLAINakerebaakenakereba
aketa raakenakatta ra
FORMALakemashita raakemasen deshita ra
PRESUMPTIVE:PLAINakeru darooakenai daroo
FORMALakeru deshooakenai deshoo
VOLITIONAL:PLAINakeyoo
FORMALakemashoo

AffirmativeAffirmative
POTENTIALakerareruHONORIFICoake ni naru
akereruoake nasaru
PASSIVEakerareruHUMBLEoake suru
oake itasu
CAUSATIVEakesaseru
CAUS. PASSIVEakesaserareru

Examples:

1. Mado o akete mo ii desu ka.
May I open the window?

Ryokoo ni iku node, shibaraku ie o akemasu.
Since we are going on a trip, we'll be away from home for a while.

Kondo no Nichiyoobi o akete oite kudasai.
Please keep this Sunday open.

Yo ga aketa.
The day broke./The sun rose.

Akemashite omedetoo gozaimasu.
Happy New Year.

The intransitive akeru, meaning the day breaks," generally has no imperative, volitional, potential, passive, causative, causative passive, honorific, or humble forms.

akirameruGroup 2

to give up: (trans.)

AffirmativeNegative
PLAIN FORM:PRESENTakirameruakiramenai
PASTakirametaakiramenakatta
MASU FORM:PRESENTakiramemasuakiramemasen
PASTakiramemashitaakiramemasen deshita
IMPERATIVEakirameroakirameru na
TE FORMakirameteakiramenakute
CONDITIONAL:PLAINakiramerebaakiramenakereba
akirameta raakiramenakatta ra
FORMALakiramemashita raakiramemasen deshita ra
PRESUMPTIVE:PLAINakirameru darooakiramenai daroo
FORMALakirameru deshooakiramenai deshoo
VOLITIONAL:PLAINakirameyoo
FORMALakiramemashoo

AffirmativeAffirmative
POTENTIALakiramerareruHONORIFICoakirame ni naru
akiramereruoakirame nasaru
PASSIVEakiramerareruHUMBLE(oakirame suru)
CAUSATIVEakiramesaseru(oakirame itasu)
CAUS. PASSIVEakiramesaserareru

Examples:

1. Tanaka-san wa tenshoku o akirameta.

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