I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the owners, managers, and staff of all the ryokan, machiya, country retreats, temples, and historical homes featured in this book. They provided us with great support, and without their assistance and cooperation it would not have been possible to bring this book to fruition.
I also extend heartiest appreciation to my wife Asako, who spent a great deal of time with me during photo shoots, acting as my assistant, coordinator, and sometimes design supervisor.
A special thank you also goes to Thomas Daniell, who wrote the text with the eyes of an architect, as well as to publisher Eric Oey, editorial supervisor June Chong, and designer Chan Sow Yun of Tuttle Publishing, who all put a lot of effort into this publication.
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aristocratic villas
One of the more curious aspects of Imperial rule during Kyotos thousand-year tenure as capital of Japan is the insei (cloistered rule) system, in which an Emperor would officially retire but continue to exert power from behind the scenes. Abdicating at an early age and forcing one of his own childrenoften no more than an infantto ascend the Chrysanthemum Throne, the Emperor would take the title of daijo tenno (Retired Emperor) or, in cases where he entered the Buddhist priesthood, the title of daijo hoo (Cloistered Emperor). It was not unknown for there to be several Retired Emperors living at the same time, but only one would be acknowledged to have authority. For most of Kyotos history, this was more or less irrelevant anyway: real power lay elsewhere. At the end of the Heian Period (7941185) it had become generally accepted that the Retired Emperor was ruling with the titular Emperor as a figurehead, yet at that same historical moment effective control of the nation shifted to the military government of the Kamakura Shogunate. From the Kamakura Period (11851333) onward, the balance of power continued to oscillate between the military dictators and the Imperial family, but for the most part lay beyond a somewhat farcical series of faades: a nominal Emperor who was controlled by a Retired Emperor who answered to the Shogun who delegated to his military generals.