Landa - Yucatan Before and After the Conquest

tixzula: lirio; probably Hymenocallis americana, Jacq. (Molina Solis).

ixlaul: laurel; Stemmadenia insignis, Miers.

nicte: the generic name for Plumerias.

yerbamora or nightshade; pahalcan: Solanum nigrum, L.

doradilla; muchcoc: Selaginella, lapidophylla, Spring.

yaxpahalche: Piper Gaumeri, Trel.

zarzaparilla; coceeh: Smilax mexicana, Griseb.

kind of hemp: halal? Scirpus validus, Vahl.

ixim: maize; Zea mayz, L.

beans, frijoles; buul: Phaseolus vulgaris, L.

peppers: Capsicum genus.

root, growing like the turnip is the fruit : chicam?; jicama; Pachyrhizus erosus L.

root which grows like the turnip, short, fat, and round: chicam, jicama; Pachyrrhizus erosus, L.

root that grows under the earth; peanut? Arachis hypogaea, Schlecht, Cham.

there are two other kinds of good roots they use as food: aiz , camote, sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas L. bmaxcal, macal , yam; Dioscorea alata L.

tree with fruit like round gourds: jicara? luch; Crescentia cujete, L.

smaller gourds: lec? Lagenaria siceraria, Standl.

incense tree: pom, copal; Protium copal, Engl.

handsome tree that grows by wells: yaxche, ceiba; Ceiba pentandra, L.

kulche: cedar; Cedrela mexicana, M. Roemer.

sort of yellowish tree: ya, sapote; Achras sapota L.

brasil; chacte: Caesalpinia platyloba, Wats.

zoon: Guaiacum sanctum L.

causes sores: chechem; Metopium Brownei Jacq.

tree with double thorns: subim, cornezuelo; Acacia Collinsii, Safford.

use for tying in building: hol; Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

another of which they make bows and lances: chulul ?; Apoplanesia paniculata, Presl.

for pillows is superior to tow: piim; Ceiba aesculifolia HBK.

wine-tree which the Indians esteem so highly: balche; Lonchocarpus longistylus, Pittier.

niiche: grapes; Coccoloba uvifera L.

abal: plums; Spondias mombin L., or S. purpurea L.

bananas: platanos; Musa paradisiaca L., or M. sapientum L.

very large tree that bears a large, longish fruit: chacal haas; Calocarpum mammosum L.

ya: sapote; Achras sapota L.

ox: ramn; Brosimum alicastrum, Sw.

another (tree) exceedingly beautiful which bears a fruit like large eggs: put, papaya; Carica papaya L. uayam: guaya; Talisia olivaeformis HBK.

pichi: guayava; Psidium guajava L.

on: aguacate; Persea americana, Mill.

this tree bears a small, tasty, yellow fruit: chucum? Pithecolobium albicans, Kunth.

there are artichokes that are very spiny and ugly: chacuob, pitahaya; Cereus undatus, Haw.

small, rather spiny tree bearing a fruit shaped like a slender cucumber: chom? Bromelia karatas L.

small tree bearing spiny pods like chestnuts: kuxub, achiote; Bixa orellana L.

one kind (of palm) serves for the thatching of the houses: xaan, huano; Inodes japa, Standl.

the other is a low, spiny palm: tuk? Acrocomia mexicana, Karw.?

the other kind (of cotton tree) lasts five or six years; taman; Gossypium barbadense L or G. Schottii Watt, Wild and Cult.

It should be noted that the pronunciation of all Maya words is as in Spanish, with the following exceptions: c is always hard; x is sounded like sh in English, Xiu being like Shu. The letter k and the stop consonants p t ch and tz, when marked by an apostrophe, as p t ch tz, are preceded by a muscular tension and then sounded explosively, the usual technical term being glottal stop. Thus tz sounds to the English ear as if it were dz , and is usually so written in Yucatan, as in the town Dzits, near Chichen Itz. The Mayance languages lack our sonants d , hard g, j, z, as also f; Yucatecan Maya also lacks the r . Double vowels are to be sounded as such, with accent on the first.

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