CHASING THE FLAME
SERGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO AND THE FIGHT TO SAVE THE WORLD
SAMANTHA POWER
The Penguin Press
New York
2008
THE PENGUIN PRESS
Published by the Penguin Group
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First published in 2008 by The Penguin Press,
a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
Copyright Samantha Power, 2008
All rights reserved
Photograph credits appear .
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Power, Samantha.
Chasing the flame : Sergio Vieira de Mello and the fight to save the world / Samantha Power.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 9781101202746
1. Mello, Srgio Vieira de, 1948-2003. 2. United Nations. High Commission for Human Rights.
3. War relief. 4. Peace building. 5. Iraq War, 2003Casualties. 6. United NationsBiography.
7. DiplomatsBrazilBiography. I. Title.
D839.7.M45P
341.48092dc22
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For Morton Abramowitz,
Stephen Power, and
Frederick Zollo
CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY
January 1942 | In Washington, D.C., representatives of twenty-six countries fighting against the Axis Powers sign a Declaration by United Nations in support of the Atlantic Charter, which was signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill the previous August. This is the first official use of the term United Nations, a phrase suggested by Roosevelt. |
1945 | Germany surrenders on May 7, and Japan surrenders on August 15, ending World War II. More than six million Jews and five million others were exterminated in the Holocaust. |
1946 | The first UN General Assembly, gathering fifty-one nations, meets in Westminster, London. The UN takes up residence in New York later in the year. |
The Nuremberg tribunal convicts twenty-two of the twenty-four leading Nazi suspects on charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. |
March 15, 1948 | Sergio Vieira de Mello is born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
June 1950 | With the Soviets boycotting the Security Council, the Council calls on member states to send troops to protect Korea from a northern invasion. President Harry Truman declares, We cant let the UN down, and sends 50,000 troops into the Korean War, which ends in an armistice in 1953. |
November 1956 | The First Emergency Special Session of the UN General Assembly responds to the British and French seizure of the Suez Canal by sending the first-ever UN peacekeeping force to Egypt. |
September 1960 | In the UNs biggest increase in membership in a single year, seventeen newly independent states, sixteen from Africa, join the organization. |
March 1964 | The military stages a coup in Brazil, ushering in twenty-one years of military rule. |
19661969 | After graduation from a Franco-Brazilian high school in Rio and a short stint at the University of Rio, Vieira de Mello moves to Europe, where he studies philosophy at the University of Fribourg and then at the Sorbonne in Paris. |
May 1968 | Students and workers stage mass demonstrations in Paris, where Vieira de Mello is badly beaten. |
1969 | Vieira de Mellos father, Arnaldo, is forced to retire from the Brazilian foreign service. |
After graduating from the Sorbonne, Vieira de Mello joins the office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva, becoming an assistant editor at the agencys headquarters. |
19701974 | While working at UNHCR, Vieira de Mello completes his doctorate in philosophy (Doctorat de Troisime Cycle en Philosophie) at the Sorbonne. |
19711972 | Vieira de Mello serves as a UNHCR field officer in Dhaka, East Pakistan/Bangladesh. |
June 2, 1973 | Vieira de Mello marries Annie Personnaz near her parents home in France. |
June 12, 1973 | Arnaldo Vieira de Mello dies suddenly in Rio de Janeiro. |
19731974 | Vieira de Mello works as a UNHCR associate program officer in Khartoum and Juba, Sudan. |
December 1974 | Thomas Jamieson, former UNHCR director of operations, dies suddenly in Geneva. |
19741975 | Vieira de Mello serves as a UNHCR program officer and assistant representative in Nicosia, Cyprus. |
April 1975 | The brutal Khmer Rouge take power in Cambodia. The last U.S. forces depart from Vietnam. |
19751977 | Vieira de Mello serves as UNHCR deputy representative in Maputo, Mozambique. |
19781980 | Annie Vieira de Mello gives birth to two sons, Laurent (1978) and Adrien (1980). |
Vieira de Mello works as UNHCR regional representative in northern South America, in Lima, Peru. |
19781985 | Vieira de Mello completes the prestigious state doctorate (Doctorat dtat s Lettres et Sciences Humaines) at the Sorbonne. |
19811983 | Vieira de Mello takes leave from UNHCR to serve as the senior political adviser to the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in Naqoura, Lebanon. |
June 1982 | Complaining of Palestinian raids into northern Israel, Israeli forces invade Lebanon, where they will remain until 2000. |