ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgment is made to the following authors, agents and publishers for permission to use copyrighted material:
Walter Bauer, for the biographies of Bach, Kant, Luther and the poem Mich nach dem sehnend.
Deutsche Verlags Anstalt, for: Waldemar Bonsels Der Grashpfer from Die Biene Maja ; Peter Bamms In Memoriam Rockefeller from Die kleine Weltlaterne ; Fritz Mauthners Die Schule des Gebens und die Schule des Nehmens from Aus dem Mrchenbuch der Wahrheit.
S. Fischer Verlag, for Albrecht Goes Die Schritte.
Sigbert Mohn Verlag, for Paul Ernsts Das Bett from Komdianten und Spitzbubengeschichten.
Suhrkamp Verlag and Miss Joan Daves, for Hermann Hesses Bume from Wanderung, and Im Nebel from Die Gedichte by Hermann Hesse, Copyright 1963 by Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin.
Frau Mary Tucholsky and the Rowohlt Verlag, for Kurt Tucholskys Worauf man in Europa stolz ist from Gesammelte Werke, Band 3, Seite 1095.
NOTES
1. DAS LEBEN
Johann Gottfried Herder (17441803) was a theologian, critic and minor poet. He inspired the young Goethe to turn from imitative to original writing. This poem is the opening stanza of Amor und Psyche.
Woge = Welle .
2. DER PHNIX
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (17291781) was one of the great minds of the eighteenth century. He was equally active as a theologian, literary critic, art critic and writer. The fable was a favorite literary form of the European Enlightenment, and Lessing published a collection of fables bearing the imprint of his incisive mind and his superb literary skill.
3. WANDERERS NACHTLIED
There is a sketch of Goethes life in Selection 33.
This is perhaps the most famous lyric poem in German literature. Written on the evening of September 6, 1780, it is an adaptation of a lyric by the Greek poet Alcman. In his early writings Goethe often referred to himself as der Wanderer.
4. DIE WOHLTATEN
wohl possibly, perhaps, indeed .
5. DIE SCHRITTE
Albrecht Goes (19082000) was a clergyman by profession and served as an army chaplain in World War II.
6. KINDESDANK UND UNDANK
Johann Peter Hebel (17601826) was a clergyman and educator. He published many anecdotes and didactic tales under the title Schatzkstlein des rheinlndischen Hausfreundes (Little Treasure Chest of the Rhenish Family Friend). The book has remained a classic because of Hebels narrative power and his dry wit. der Eltern genitive plural after Segen und Fluch. ruhe The subjunctive is older usage.
Kreuzer an old small coin.
Euch accusative of Ihr, the older formal address.
auf da = damit in order that .
7. DAS BUERLEIN IM HIMMEL
Jacob (17851863) and Wilhelm (17861859) Grimm not only collected the fairytales by which they are known to children everywhere, but also were great scholars in the field of Germanic philology. This bit of folklore is from their collection of Mrchen ; they copied it down in the dialect exactly as they heard it from the people. This High German translation preserves the original unliterary use of tenses and the many adverbs and enclitics.
Buerlein The diminutive expresses affection: peasant lad or chap is a rough equivalent. Since the ending makes the noun neuter, the Buerlein is referred to as es .
parteiisch in partisan fashion .
je contraction of Jesus!, an exclamation of astonishment or fright, used especially in southern Germany.
8. IM NEBEL
Hermann Hesse (18771962) was a major influence on an earlier generation of Germans. He was a champion of individualism in an organizational age and of fearless experience against timidity, repression and complacency.
Mensch human being, as opposed to Mann male
9. BUME
Leben usually das Leben
fhrt German often uses a singular verb after two subjects to indicate close association between them.
Mutter The mother in Hesses work is a symbol of the sensuous, vital, elemental as opposed to the realm of the father, which is that of spirit, law, stern conscience.
im Abend usually am .
10. MICH NACH DEM SEHNEND
Walter Bauer (19041976), novelist, biographer and lyric poet, left Germany after the Second World War and settled in Canada, where he taught German in University College, Toronto. The biographies by Bauer of Bach, Kant, and Luther which are reprinted in this book were written especially for beginners of German.
The following poem treats the problem of time and transitoriness, which is central in contemporary literature.
morgen tomorrow ; der Morgen the morning ; das Morgen the tomorrow.
11. DIE LEBENSZEIT
Many of the fairy tales the brothers Grimm published in their Kinder- und Hausmrchen (18121814) are philosophical homilies, like this one.
essen the subjunctive, to indicate purpose.
wirst... zufrieden sein The future expresses high probability.
siebzig the traditional Biblical threescore and ten (Psalm 90:10).
12. BER DEUTSCHLAND
1. Land und Leute
Deutsche Demokratische Republik The quotation marks are widely used in West Germany to indicate the spurious character of the democracy in the eastern zone and the fact that this regime is not recognized by the Federal Republic.
Oder-Neie-Linie the line drawn by these two rivers.
bzw = beziehungsweise respectively .
qkm = Quadratkilometer square kilometer; 1 kilometer = 6/10th mile.
Geest dry, sandy land, characteristic of the northern coast.
das Haff -s bay, lagoon. The term is used only for the Baltic region.
9 Celsius = 50 Fahrenheit.
13. DER FHRMANN UND DER MNCH
Schmidtbonn was a nom de plume of Wilhelm Schmidt of Bonn, a writer of dramas, novels, novellas, fairy tales, legends and anecdotes in the romantic vein. He had much to say to the younger generation of Germans between the years 19001930.
14. GEDANKEN I
1. Infamitt Hesses own coinage for Infamie .
2. The aphorism recalls President F. D. Roosevelts statement that we have nothing to fear except fear itself.
15. ES WAR EIN ALTER KNIG
Heinrich Heine (17971856) is one of Germanys principal lyric poets and a publicist of note. This poem was written in 1830 and published in the collection Neue Gedichte (1844). Its theme is the Tristan and Isolde motif, compressed into three stanzas. There are about seventy musical settings of the poem.
16. BER DEUTSCHLAND
2. Wirtschaft
Whrungsreform The West German currency was stabilized in 1948.
Marshallplan officially known as Europisches Wiederaufbau-programm (European Recovery ProgramERP), a plan for offering economic aid to European countries devastated by the war. The author of the plan was General George Marshall (18801959), American secretary of state under President Truman.
Rationalisierung the application of efficiency methods to industry and agriculture.
passiv i.e., in favor of the USA.
eine fhrende Stellung Bismarck instituted a system of sickness insurance in 1883; in the following year he established an accident-insurance law.
17. GLCK UND UNGLCK
Otto Ludwig (18131865) is remembered for his realistic tragedy Der Erbfrster and his superb novella Zwischen Himmel und Erde (1856), of which this is the opening paragraph.