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it-ebooks - Scikit and Tensorflow Workbooks (bjpcjp)

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Table of Contents
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ch02 cal housing analysis.md
Get Dataset & Create Workspace
import os import tarfile from six.moves import urllib import pandas as pd import numpy as npDOWNLOAD_ROOT = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ageron/handson-ml/master/" HOUSING_PATH = "datasets/housing" HOUSING_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + HOUSING_PATH + "/housing.tgz"def fetch_housing_data ( housing_url=HOUSING_URL, housing_path=HOUSING_PATH) : # create datasets/housing directory if needed if not os.path.isdir(housing_path): os.makedirs(housing_path) tgz_path = os.path.join(housing_path, "housing.tgz" ) # retrieve tarfile urllib.request.urlretrieve(housing_url, tgz_path) # extract tarfile & close path housing_tgz = tarfile.open(tgz_path) housing_tgz.extractall(path=housing_path) housing_tgz.close()def load_housing_data ( housing_path=HOUSING_PATH) : csv_path = os.path.join(housing_path, "housing.csv" ) return pd.read_csv(csv_path)# do it #fetch_housing_data() -- already downloaded - static dataset housing = load_housing_data()
Data structure - quick peek
housing.head()
longitudelatitudehousing_median_agetotal_roomstotal_bedroomspopulationhouseholdsmedian_incomemedian_house_valueocean_proximity
0-122.2337.8841.0880.0129.0322.0126.08.3252452600.0NEAR BAY
1-122.2237.8621.07099.01106.02401.01138.08.3014358500.0NEAR BAY
2-122.2437.8552.01467.0190.0496.0177.07.2574352100.0NEAR BAY
3-122.2537.8552.01274.0235.0558.0219.05.6431341300.0NEAR BAY
4-122.2537.8552.01627.0280.0565.0259.03.8462342200.0NEAR BAY
So... what's in the dataset?
# housing is a Pandas DataFrame. # untouched datafile: 20640 records, 10 cols (9 float, 1 text) housing.info()RangeIndex: 20640 entries, 0 to 20639Data columns (total 10 columns):longitude 20640 non-null float64latitude 20640 non-null float64housing_median_age 20640 non-null float64total_rooms 20640 non-null float64total_bedrooms 20433 non-null float64population 20640 non-null float64households 20640 non-null float64median_income 20640 non-null float64median_house_value 20640 non-null float64ocean_proximity 20640 non-null objectdtypes: float64(9), object(1)memory usage: 1.6+ MB# let's see if ocean_proximity can be lumped into categories: housing[ 'ocean_proximity' ].value_counts()<1H OCEAN 9136INLAND 6551NEAR OCEAN 2658NEAR BAY 2290ISLAND 5Name: ocean_proximity, dtype: int64# percentiles analysis of each feature housing.describe()
longitudelatitudehousing_median_agetotal_roomstotal_bedroomspopulationhouseholdsmedian_incomemedian_house_value
count20640.00000020640.00000020640.00000020640.00000020433.00000020640.00000020640.00000020640.00000020640.000000
mean-119.56970435.63186128.6394862635.763081537.8705531425.476744499.5396803.870671206855.816909
std2.0035322.13595212.5855582181.615252421.3850701132.462122382.3297531.899822115395.615874
min-124.35000032.5400001.0000002.0000001.0000003.0000001.0000000.49990014999.000000
25%-121.80000033.93000018.0000001447.750000296.000000787.000000280.0000002.563400119600.000000
50%-118.49000034.26000029.0000002127.000000435.0000001166.000000409.0000003.534800179700.000000
75%-118.01000037.71000037.0000003148.000000647.0000001725.000000605.0000004.743250264725.000000
max-114.31000041.95000052.00000039320.0000006445.00000035682.0000006082.00000015.000100500001.000000
# feature histograms %matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plthousing.hist(bins=, figsize=(,))array([[, , ], [, , ], [, , ]], dtype=object)

Create a test set split dataset into training 80 and test 20 subsets - photo 1

Create a test set
# split dataset into training (80%) and test (20%) subsets import numpy as np def split_train_test ( data, test_ratio) : shuffled_indices = np.random.permutation(len(data)) test_set_size = int(len(data) * test_ratio) test_indices = shuffled_indices[:test_set_size] train_indices = shuffled_indices[test_set_size:] return data.iloc[train_indices], data.iloc[test_indices]train_set, test_set = split_train_test(housing, 0.2 )print(len(train_set), "train +" , len(test_set), "test" )16512 train + 4128 test# create method for ensuring consistent test sets across multiple runs # (new test sets won't contain instances in previous training sets.) # example method: # compute hash of each instance # keep only the last byte # include instance in test set if value < 51 (20% of 256) import hashlib def test_set_check ( identifier, test_ratio, hash) : return hash(np.int64(identifier)).digest()[ -1 ] < * test_ratio def split_train_test_by_id ( data, test_ratio, id_column, hash=hashlib.md5) : ids = data[id_column] in_test_set = ids.apply( lambda id_: test_set_check( id_, test_ratio, hash)) return data.loc[~in_test_set], data.loc[in_test_set]# housing dataset doesn't have ID attribute, # so let's add an index to it. housing_with_id = housing.reset_index()train_set, test_set = split_train_test_by_id( housing_with_id, 0.2 , "index" )train_set.head()
indexlongitudelatitudehousing_median_agetotal_roomstotal_bedroomspopulationhouseholdsmedian_incomemedian_house_valueocean_proximity
00-122.2337.8841.0880.0129.0322.0126.08.3252452600.0NEAR BAY
11-122.2237.8621.07099.01106.02401.01138.08.3014358500.0NEAR BAY
22-122.2437.8552.01467.0190.0496.0177.07.2574352100.0
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