ALEXANDER HOSIE - MANCHURIA : its people, resources and recent history.

Manchuria

Its People, Resources and
Recent History

First published in 1980 by Garland Publishing, Inc.

This edition first published in 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

1980 by Taylor & Francis

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A Library of Congress record exists under ISBN: 44010633

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-61643-1 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-61647-9 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-429-46208-5 (ebk)

Bibliographical note:
this facsimile has been made from a copy in
the Yale Divinity School Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Hosie, Alexander, Sir, 1853-1925.
Manchuria, its people, resources, and recent history.
(The Modern Chinese economy)
Reprint of the 2d ed., 1904, published by Methuen,
London, in series: Methuens colonial library.
Includes index.
1. Manchuria. 1. Title. II. Series: Modern
Chinese economy.
DS782.H67 1980 951.8 78-74311
ISBN 0-8240-4272-7

For a complete list of the titles in this series,
see the final pages of this volume.

MANCHURIA

ITS PEOPLE, RESOURCES AND
RECENT HISTORY

BY
ALEXANDER HOSIE, M.A., F.R.G.S.
K. B. M. CONSULAR SERVICE, CHINA
AUTHOR OF THREE YEARS IN WESTERN CHINA

WITH MAP, DIAGRAMS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

SECOND EDITION

T HE writer was in charge of the British Consulate at Newchwang in Manchuria, a country whose western frontier touches the Northern Chinese province of Chihli and Mongolia, from November, 1894, to July, 1897, and from April, 1899, to April, 1900, and the following pages are, most of them, the work of leisure moments snatched from a busy official life. In 1896 he had to visit the capital of Kirin, the central province, and, returning to England on furlough in summer of the present year, he journeyed along the eastern and northern frontiers of Manchuria to join the Siberian Railway at Stretensk. The first four chapters contain an account of these journeys and a history of important events that have recently occurred in this part of the Empire of China, while the remaining chapters are devoted to a study of the country, its people, products, industries and trade. They make no claim to be a complete study of the fatherland of the Manchu dynasty; but they have entailed an amount of labour and research altogether incommensurate with the results. may be cited as an instance. There is not a single product of the country mentioned therein which has not passed under the writers eye, and the industries connected with many of these products necessitated frequent visits to the establishments and factories where they are carried on. In the one or two cases in which difficulties presented themselves experts were consulted, and the writer takes this opportunity of expressing his indebtedness for the assistance which they so willingly and efficiently rendered.

Few books on Manchuria have been consulted because there are few to consult. Where, however, the statements or opinions of others are quoted, credit is given to the authors in the body of the work.

There is no good English map of the whole of Manchuria, and the author has been compelled to have recourse to Russian sources for a basis on which to construct the map which accompanies this book.

A. H.

A BERDEEN , December, 1900.

BRITISH CONSULATE AT NEWCHWANG

C ELEBRATION AT N EWCHWANG , 1895

(1) R USSIAN R AILWAY S ETTLEMENT NEAR N EWCHWANG

(2) M ATERIAL FOR R AILWAY

(3) A MERICAN L OCOMOTIVE PUT TOGETHER AT R USSIAN R AILWAY S ETTLEMENT

(4) B UILDING C ENTRAL M ANCHURIAN R AILWAY

(1) N ARROW E NTRANCE

(2) E AST AND W EST B AYS

(3) D OCK

(1) G ENERAL V IEW OF T OWN

(2) T HE G OLDEN H ORN

(3) M ONUMENT TO A DMIRAL N EVELSKI

(1) S CENE ON L INE

(2) S TATION ON L INE

(3) B RIDGE ON L INE

(1) G ENERAL V IEW OF T OWN

(2) S TATUE OF C OUNT M UKAVIEV A MURSKI

(1) L OWER A MUR IN W INTER

(2) T OW-BOATS AND B ARGES

(1) E AST OF T OWN

(2) W EST OF T OWN

(1) W OOD S TATION : B ARGAINING FOR F UEL

(2) S CENE ON R IVER

(1) E AST OF T OWN

(2) W EST OF T OWN

O N the 28th of December, 1895, I received telegraphic instructions to proceed to Kirin, the capital of the Central province of Manchuria, to settle a long-standing missionary land case, and at 4.30 A.M. on the 2nd January, 1896, my little caravan passed through the gates of the British Consulate at Newchwang bound northwards. The town of Niu-chuang, where one of the very few fierce struggles between the Japanese and Chinese during the late war took place, lies thirty miles inland, and the fact that the port and this inland town are indiscriminately called Newchwang gave rise to considerable confusion as to the military operations during the winter of 1894-95. In the interior of Manchuria the port is spoken of as Ying-tz, or more generally Ying-kow; but as outside Manchuria it is known only as Newchwang I shall continue to name it so, and always refer to the inland town as Niu-chuang. The caravan consisted of four carts-one for Lieutenant Quayle, R.N., of H.M.S. Rattler, who was good enough to be my companion; one for my Chinese writer; one for provisions; and the fourth for myself. In addition to these we had three ponies to vary the monotony of cart travelling; but the weather was so cold that we rarely summoned up courage to rida An official messenger, a cook, a horse-boy, my writers servant, the four carters, and twelve mules and ponies completed the caravan. We were provisioned for a month, and provided with fur-lined clothing and boots and fur rugs to enable us to withstand the rigours of a Manchurian winter. These precautions were very necessary, for during the journey we experienced a temperature of 84 below zero, or 66 of frost. Mr. Quayle had a sextant, with the usual accompaniments, and a fowling-piece which on the only occasion on which it was really requiredto resist an attack by mounted robberscould not be unearthed from its case, the lock having got jammed by the jolting of the cart in which it was stowed away, and we each carried a revolver, and last, but not least, I had packed away in my cart an old battered iron despatch boxthe trusty companion of my travels in Western Chinafilled with the more peaceful munitions of travelbroken silver ingots of various sizes, the only universal currency excepting copper cash in China.