Gladstone Califf - Making Birdhouses: Easy and Advanced Projects
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- Book:Making Birdhouses: Easy and Advanced Projects
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- Publisher:Dover Publications
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- Year:2012
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Making Birdhouses: Easy and Advanced Projects: summary, description and annotation
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This practical guide for building birdhouses contains plans for more than fifty attractive and useful structures from a one-room house for bluebirds to a forty-two-room structure for purple martins. In addition to instructions and diagrams for constructing houses for such avian varieties as robins, wrens and chickadees, the easy-to-follow text also provides suggestions for feeding devices, bird house materials, methods of finishing exteriors, and winter care for birds.
An authoritative, how-to book that will appeal to beginning and veteran woodcrafters alike, Making Birdhouses also features a supplement with easy projects for novicesamong them simple structures for woodpeckers, a box for robins, and an A-frame for nuthatches. Plans for houses made from such common objects as gourds, a flower pot, tin cans, and an old lantern are also included.
Detailed instructions and diagrams assure successful completion of projects that will satisfy builders as well as their feathered friends.
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B efore building a birdhouse, the maker should have in mind the kind of house he is going to make; whether it is for martins, bluebirds, or wrens. An architect, when planning a house, must know whom he is working for, the size of the family and the particular taste of the occupants. The same applies to birdhouses.
- House built for certain kind of bird.
- Correct amount of floor space.
- Proper depth of house.
- Right sized entrance, proper distance from floor.
- Arrangements for cleaning.
- Means provided for ventilation.
- Good exterior finish.
- Smooth interior, free from nails.
- Good construction, tight joints.
- Quarter-inch hole bored in floor of house for escape of moisture.
If it is desired to make a house practical, it must be built for a certain type of bird. A house that would suit a family of martins would not suit a family of wrens. Each bird builds a different kind of nest which varies in size and shape.
The house should be built of good material to make it durable. Cypress, poplar and white pine are excellent materials. They are cheap in price, easy to work, and weather well. The joints should be tight to prevent drafts. Nails and screws should be set in and puttied over. Birdhouses should be built with the idea of giving the birds forty years of service.
The birdhouses described in this book may be finished as follows: A martin house may be painted white as that has proved to be a satisfactory color. The paint protects the wood and the birds take to this color. A number of martin houses finished with white paint by the author were all occupied. An old established firm that specializes in the manufacture of birdhouses finishes martin houses with white paint. Martins will also build in rustic houses.
Bluebirds will build in a house that is finished in brown, gray, or green. They prefer these colors to any other. They also like rustic houses.
The wren will build in a house of most any color. The colors, brown, gray and green are recommended because they blend with the landscape and do not make the house so conspicuous. The wren will build in anything from a coat pocket to an empty shoe.
Rustic houses, made by nailing bark on the outside, generally prove unsatisfactory. A house made in this fashion draws and holds dampness, and the bark becomes worm-eaten and drops off, lasting but a season or two. Do not confuse this type of house with natural wood boxes. Natural wood boxes are made from a hollow branch or some part of a tree and are covered with natural bark. This type of house generally weathers well and makes an excellent home for birds preferring rustic houses. Any type of bird box can be made rustic by staining the outside dark and applying two or three coats of spar varnish.
1. Dont place a martin house in or near a tree or other obstruction. It may be placed from fifteen to fifty feet in the air, situated so as to allow the martins to circle.
2. Dont make the porches on a martin house too narrow.
3. Dont make the opening in a wren house less than in diameter. It should be the size of a quarter of a dollar. English sparrows cannot force themselves through such an opening.
4. Dont build a house unless some way is provided for cleaning and ventilating it.
5. Dont paint the inside of a birdhouse.
6. Dont fail to cover the entrance to a martin house with cardboard or screen after the martins leave in the late summer. Open again at the date of arrival in the spring. This keeps the sparrows from using the building for winter sleeping quarters and eventually building their nests before the martins have time to establish themselves.
7. Dont make the perches square. A round perch is superior.
8. Dont place a house made of tin or with a tin roof directly in the sun. Better build with wood.
9. Dont have ventilating holes lower than the entrance.
10. Dont make the entrance on a level with the floor, as the young birds are in danger of falling from the nest.
11. Dont place the houses too close together.
12. Dont have more than one entrance to each room.
13. Dont place a railing around the porch of a martin house.
14. Dont leave the inside of the house rough. It should be smooth and free from nail points.
15. Dont fail to bore a quarter inch hole in the floor of each house to allow the escape of moisture.
16. Dont make the perch on a wren house too long. It should be short to prevent larger birds from standing on the perch and attacking the young in the nest.
PLATE I
JUSTAMERE WREN HOUSE
PLATE II
THE LANTERN WREN HOUSE
PLATE III
CORNER. WREN HOUSE
PLATE IV
CATHEDRAL WREN HOUSE
PLATE V
THE HEXAGON WREN HOUSE
PLATE VI
THE DUPLEX 2 ROOM WREN HOUSE
PLATE VII
THE CLOCK TWO ROOM WREN HOUSE
PLATE VIII
BUNGALOW WREN HOUSE
PLATE IX
SUMMER HOME FOR. JENNY WREN
PLATE X
OBSERVATION WREN HOUSE
A wren house should have the following dimensions: Floor 4 4; depth 6 to 8; entrance should be from 1 to 6 above the floor, and the diameter . This is large enough for a wren and too small for a sparrow, which makes the wren house sparrow-proof. Most wren houses are provided with a perch, although the bird can manage without one. The perch helps the bird, especially when building, as it furnishes a landing place when putting in the nesting material. The house should be placed 6 to 10 feet above the ground. (Plates I to X.)
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