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Wayne Norton - Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women’s Hockey in Western Canada

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Wayne Norton Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women’s Hockey in Western Canada
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Women on Ice Wayne Norton - photo 1
Women on Ice
Women on Ice The Early Years of Womens Hockey in Western Canada - image 2

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Wayne Norton

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WOMEN ON ICE
Copyright 2009 Wayne Norton

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency).

RONSDALE PRESS
3350 West 21st Avenue
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6S 1G7
www.ronsdalepress.com

Typesetting: Julie Cochrane, in Granjon 11.5 pt on 15
Cover Design: Julie Cochrane
Cover Photo: Vancouver Ladies Hockey Team, c. 1914 (CVA-99-58)
Paper: Ancient Forest Friendly SilvaFSC: 100% post-consumer waste, totally chlorine-free and acid-free

Ronsdale Press wishes to thank the following for their support of its publishing program: the Canada Council for the Arts, the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund, the British Columbia Arts Council, and the Province of British Columbia through the British Columbia Book Publishing Tax Credit Program.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Norton, Wayne, 1948

Women on ice: the early years of womens hockey in Western Canada/

Wayne Norton.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Issued in print and electronic formats.

ISBN 978-1-55380-073-6 (print)

ISBN 978-1-55380-285-3 (ebook) / ISBN 978-1-55380-284-6 (pdf)

1. Hockey for womenCanada, WesternHistory. 2. Women hockey
playersCanada, WesternHistory. I. Title.

GV848.6.W65N67 2009 796.96208209712 C2009-901511-0

At Ronsdale Press we are committed to protecting the environment. To this end we are working with Canopy (formerly Markets Initiative) and printers to phase out our use of paper produced from ancient forests. This book is one step towards that goal.

Printed in Canada by Marquis Book Printing, Montreal

Acknowledgements

WHATEVER HISTORIANS ARE able to reveal of the past is necessarily limited by the sources of information available to them. This particular history of womens ice hockey in western Canada was undertaken many years later than ideally it should have been. Historians derive their inspiration from more than documents and memoirs alone, and the story of the Vancouver Amazons and the hockey network of which they were such an essential part would have been much richer had the possibility of personal interviews with former players existed. Time, however, has intervened and the players are no longer with us. Nevertheless, the narrative presented here has benefitted substantially from the personal assistance and advice offered by many people, and I must acknowledge my debts of gratitude to at least some of them.

Ella Verkerk of the Fernie and District Historical Society and Steven Galloway at the University of British Columbia, each in a different fashion, offered initial encouragement. The Vancouver Historical Society provided generous financial assistance for a preliminary research trip to Banff. Without that initial assistance, I very likely would not have taken those first steps on what proved to be a long road towards producing this history of the Vancouver Amazons, their predecessors and their opponents. Archivists at several locations have provided essential advice. I must particularly mention Don Bourdon, Elizabeth Kundert-Cameron and Lena Goon at the Whyte Museum in Banff, Susan Stanton at the City of Edmonton Archives, Cathy English at the Revelstoke Museum and Archives, Joyce Austin at the Rossland Museum, Barry Dykes at the New Westminster Museum and Archives and Michael Dawe at the Red Deer Archives. Always ready to help were individuals working either on the desks or on the phones at the City of Vancouver Archives, the Vancouver Public Library, the Greater Victoria Public Library, the libraries at the University of British Columbia, the Jewish Museum and Archives of British Columbia and the Glenbow Museum in Calgary.

I have been assisted by many other individuals in the course of my research. I must thank Valerie Norton, Colin Grier, Jovan Milojevic, Rein Stamm, Tony Walters, Mary Brewster, Gary Matthews, Lisa Smedman, Emily Rummel and Robert Eagan. I am certainly grateful to my publisher, Ronsdale Press, for venturing into what is for them a new subject area and for their always helpful suggestions offered at various stages during the evolution of this book. Valuable advice and criticism were also provided by Jason Beck of the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame, Chuck Davis of the Vancouver Historical Society, Craig Bowlsby and Rick Senkler. Guidance offered by Ann Hall of the University of Alberta set me on the right track at several crucial stages. Any errors nevertheless remain entirely the responsibility of the author.

Wayne Norton,
Victoria, British Columbia
June 2009

INTRODUCTION
Fair Manipulators of the Twisted Hickory

I t is now more than half a century since Clarence Campbell, then president of the National Hockey League, remarked that hockey was too rough for gals. He was responding to a question about the possible formation of a womens hockey league in the mid 1950s. Since then, of course, womens leagues have been formed across Canada, the United States and Europe. In North America particularly, female players have proven just how mistaken Mr. Campbell was. The International Olympic Committee awarded womens ice hockey full medal status at the Nagano Winter Games in 1998, and no NHL official today would even contemplate an observation as dismissive as that made by Mr. Campbell.

It is much less well known that women were playing competitive ice hockey fully half a century before Campbells assessment, and it is hardly recognized at all that their game was particularly strong in western Canada. In a sense, history can exist only if it is remembered, and the history of womens ice hockey in western Canada has not been remembered. (It might be mentioned that Clarence Campbell apparently chose not to remember that he was a referee in the early 1930s in Edmonton when that city was accustomed to producing champion womens hockey teams annually.) Occasional references to the womens game in the west have found their way into the better documented history of womens ice hockey in central Canada, but these references are primarily found at the few points of intersection of what were essentially two separate hockey worlds. As is the case with so much in Canadian history, the western story differs from the experience of Ontario and Quebec sometimes radically so.

Because the history of womens hockey in central Canada is better recorded, it is easy to assume that the central Canadian narrative reflects the history of Canadian womens hockey in general, despite including so little western detail. That is certainly not the case. Like their eastern counterparts, womens teams in western Canada played their first reported games before the beginning of the twentieth century, but the game in the west experienced an explosion of popularity during the years of the First World War not afterwards, as was the case in Ontario. Collegiate teams were central to womens hockey in central Canada, but most teams in the west were community based, with colleges making only a secondary contribution to the hockey story. While womens hockey reached new heights in Ontario in the 1930s, the game in the west by that time was already descending from the peaks it had reached during the preceding decade.

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